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中华脑血管病杂志(电子版) ›› 2025, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (06) : 503 -510. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1673-9248.2025.06.008

临床研究

前循环大血管闭塞性轻型卒中患者早期进展的危险因素及其补救性血管内治疗的临床疗效
柴昌, 李定安, 姜进, 薛延华, 王衡()   
  1. 723000 陕西 汉中,汉中市中心医院神经内科
  • 收稿日期:2025-07-25 出版日期:2025-12-01
  • 通信作者: 王衡
  • 基金资助:
    汉中市中心医院院级科研基金(KY2207)

Risk factors for early progression in patients with acute large vessel occlusion mild stroke and the clinical efficacy of rescue endovascular treatment

Chang Chai, Ding'an Li, Jin Jiang, Yanhua Xue, Heng Wang()   

  1. Department of Neurology, Hanzhong Central Hospital, Hanzhong 723000, China
  • Received:2025-07-25 Published:2025-12-01
  • Corresponding author: Heng Wang
引用本文:

柴昌, 李定安, 姜进, 薛延华, 王衡. 前循环大血管闭塞性轻型卒中患者早期进展的危险因素及其补救性血管内治疗的临床疗效[J/OL]. 中华脑血管病杂志(电子版), 2025, 19(06): 503-510.

Chang Chai, Ding'an Li, Jin Jiang, Yanhua Xue, Heng Wang. Risk factors for early progression in patients with acute large vessel occlusion mild stroke and the clinical efficacy of rescue endovascular treatment[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Cerebrovascular Diseases(Electronic Edition), 2025, 19(06): 503-510.

目的

探讨前循环大血管闭塞性轻型卒中(ALVO-MIS)患者早期进展的危险因素,及其补救性血管内治疗(REVT)的有效性与安全性。

方法

回顾性连续纳入2020年10月至2024年3月汉中市中心医院神经内科入院的ALVO-MIS患者。收集患者人口统计学、常规血管危险因素、相关实验室检查、治疗方案、临床结果和随访情况等,观察所有患者早期进展的发生率。依据入院后给予最佳药物治疗后美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分是否发生变化,将所有患者分为进展组(3 d内NIHSS至少增加4分)68例和非进展组93例。采用多因素Logistic回归分析其早期进展的危险因素。再次根据进展后的治疗方式,将所有早期进展患者分为REVT组(35例)和药物治疗组(33例)。采用卡方检验或Fisher精确概率法检验比较2组患者良好功能预后(改良Rankin量表评分为0~2分)、优异功能预后(改良Rankin量表评分为0~1分)、症状性颅内出血(sICH)、死亡的比例。

结果

共纳入161例ALVO-MIS患者,其中68例(42.2%)发生早期进展。进展组与非进展组患者的D-二聚体(D-D)水平[(0.9±0.5)mg/L vs(0.7±0.5)mg/L]、右侧病灶[58.8%(40/68)vs 38.7%(36/93)]、合并糖尿病[47.1%(32/68) vs 25.8%(24/93)]、大脑中动脉M1段闭塞比例[75.0%(51/68)vs 49.5%(46/93)]比较,差异均有统计学意义(t=2.507,χ2=6.376、7.821、9.656;P=0.013、0.012、0.005、0.002)。多因素回归分析显示,糖尿病(OR=4.550,95%CI:2.499~8.588,P=0.011)和大脑中动脉M1段闭塞(OR=8.545,95%CI:4.708~15.500,P=0.001)均是ALVO-MIS患者早期进展的危险因素。在68例早期进展者中,REVT组35例(51.5%),药物治疗组33例(48.5%)。与药物治疗组患者相比,REVT组发病后90 d良好功能转归及90 d优异结局患者比例更高(54.3% vs 27.3%,χ2=5.117,P=0.024;40.0% vs 9.1%,χ2=8.655,P=0.003);而2组患者的sICH比例及发病后90 d病死率比较,差异均无统计学意义(5.7% vs 0,P=0.024;8.6% vs 9.1%,χ2=0.124,P=0.724)。

结论

ALVO-MIS患者早期进展发生率较高,大脑中动脉M1段闭塞、合并糖尿病是其发生早期进展的独立危险因素。早期进展后采取REVT可能是安全有效的。

Objective

To explore the risk factors for early progression in patients with anterior circulation acute large vessel occlusion mild stroke (ALVO-MIS), and to evaluate the efficacy and safety of rescue endovascular treatment (REVT) after progression.

Methods

Patients with ALVO-MIS admitted to the Department of Neurology, Hanzhong Central Hospital from October 2020 to March 2024 were enrolled retrospectively. Demographic data, vascular risk factors, laboratory findings, clinical data, and 90-day outcomes were collected. The incidence of early progression in all ALVO-MIS patients was observed. Patients were categorized into a progression group (an increase of ≥4 points in the National Institutes of Health stroke scale [NIHSS] score within 3 days after optimal medical therapy, n=68) and a non-progression group (n=93). Multivariate Logistic regression were used to identify the influencing factors for early progression. According to the treatment method after early progression, patients with progression were further divided into a REVT group (n=35) and a medical therapy group (n=33). The proportion of favorable functional outcome [modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score 0-2], excellent functional outcome (mRS score 0-1), symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH), and mortality were further compared between the two groups by Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test.

Results

Among 161 enrolled patients, 68 (42.2%) experienced early progression. Univariate analysis showed significant differences in D-dimer [(0.9±0.5) mg/L vs (0.7±0.5) mg/L], right lesion [58.8% (40/68) vs 38.7% (36/93)], diabetes mellitus [47.1% (32/68) vs 25.8% (24/93)] and M1 segment occlusion of middle cerebral artery [75.0% (51/68) vs 49.5% (46/93)] between the progressive group and the non-progressive group (t=2.507, χ2=6.376, 7.821, 9.656; P=0.013, 0.012, 0.005, 0.002 ). Multivariate regression analysis identified that diabetes (OR=4.550, 95% CI: 2.499-8.588, P=0.011) and middle cerebral artery M1 segment occlusion (OR=8.545, 95% CI: 4.708-15.500, P=0.001) as risk factors for early progression in patients with minor ischemic stroke due to anterior circulation acute large vessel occlusion. Among the 68 patients with early progression, 35 (51.5%) received REVT and 33 (48.5%) received medical treatment. Compared with the medical therapy group, the REVT group had significantly higher rates of favorable (54.3% vs 27.3%, χ2=5.117, P=0.024) and excellent (40.0% vs 9.1%, χ2=8.655, P=0.003) functional outcomes at 90 days. There were no significant differences in sICH after onset or 90-day mortality (5.7% vs 0, P=0.024; 8.6% vs 9.1%, χ2=0.124, P=0.724).

Conclusion

Early progression is common in ALVO-MIS patients. Diabetes and MCA M1 segment occlusion are independent risk factors. REVT may be a safe and effective treatment option following early progression.

表1 所有前循环大血管闭塞性轻型卒中患者的人口统计学和临床资料
变量 总体(n=161) 进展组(n=68) 非进展组(n=93) 统计值 P
人口统计学
年龄(岁,
±s
66.3±10.8 64.4±12.5 67.1±11.2 t=1.438 0.152
男性[例(%)] 112(69.6) 46(67.6) 66(71.0) χ2=0.205 0.651
血管危险因素[例(%)]
高血压 112(69.6) 52(76.5) 60(64.5) χ2=2.651 0.103
高脂血症 68(42.2) 32(47.1) 36(38.7) χ2=1.122 0.289
糖尿病 56(34.8) 32(47.1) 24(25.8) χ2=7.821 0.005
缺血性心脏病 10(6.2) 6(8.8) 4(4.3) χ2=0.712 0.399
心房颤动 15(9.3) 7(10.3) 8(8.6) χ2=0.133 0.715
既往卒中或TIA史 30(18.6) 11(16.2) 19(20.4) χ2=0.230 0.631
吸烟 70(43.5) 30(44.1) 40(43.0) χ2=0.020 0.889
饮酒 15(9.3) 8(11.8) 7(7.5) χ2=0.409 0.523
发病至入院时间[h,MQ1Q3)] 11(5,17) 10(6,17) 7(4,13.5) Z=1.532 0.155
基线NIHSS评分[分,MQ1Q3)] 3(2,4) 3(2,5) 3(2,4) Z=0.743 0.437
基线血压(mmHg,
±s
收缩压 146.2±19.8 149.1±16.3 144.8±17.1 t=1.132 0.254
舒张压 84.2±14.0 84.6±11.4 85.9±11.7 t=0.593 0.517
基线实验室检查
总胆固醇(mmol/L,
±s
5.2±1.6 5.4±1.2 5.1±1.3 t=1.494 0.137
低密度脂蛋白(mmol/L,
±s
3.4±0.9 3.5±1.2 3.4±1.0 t=0.576 0.566
三酰甘油(mmol/L,
±s
1.5±1.3 1.6±1.0 1.5±0.9 t=0.545 0.532
空腹血糖[mmol/L,MQ1Q3)] 5.9(4.4,6.9) 5.8(5.0,7.9) 6.5(5.7,9.7) Z=1.765 0.107
D-二聚体(mg/L,
±s
0.8±0.3 0.9±0.5 0.7±0.5 t=2.507 0.013
同型半胱氨酸(μmol/L,
±s
13.9±5.7 14.5±6.4 12.4±4.7 t=1.109 0.290
卒中病因分型[例(%)] χ2=3.496 0.198
大动脉粥样硬化 139(86.3) 55(80.9) 84(90.3)
心源性栓塞 13(8.1) 6(8.8) 7(7.5)
其他原因或病因不明 9(5.6) 7(10.3) 2(2.2)
大血管闭塞部位[例(%)] χ2=9.656 0.002
颈内动脉 64(39.8) 17(25.0) 47(50.5)
大脑中动脉M1段 97(60.2) 51(75.0) 46(49.5)
病灶侧别[例(%)] χ2=6.376 0.012
右侧 76(47.2) 40(58.8) 36(38.7)
左侧 85(52.8) 28(41.2) 57(61.3)
静脉溶栓[例(%)] 15(9.3) 4(5.9) 11(11.8) χ2=1.015 0.314
表2 前循环大血管闭塞性轻型卒中早期进展的危险因素分析
表3 进展加重患者中REVT组和药物治疗组基线资料及临床结果
相关指标 总体(n=68) REVT组(n=35) 药物治疗组(n=33) 统计值 P
人口统计学
年龄(岁,
±s
64.4±12.5 62.4±10.5 66.1±12.2 t=1.343 0.184
男性[例(%)] 46(67.6) 24(68.6) 22(66.7) χ2=0.028 0.867
血管危险因素[例(%)]
高血压 52(76.5) 26(74.3) 26(78.8) χ2=0.191 0.662
高脂血症 32(47.1) 16(45.7) 16(48.5) χ2=0.052 0.819
糖尿病 32(47.1) 17(48.6) 15(45.5) χ2=0.066 0.797
缺血性心脏病 6(8.8) 4(11.4) 2(6.1) χ2=0.124 0.724
心房颤动 7(10.3) 3(8.6) 4(12.1) χ2=0.007 0.934
既往卒中或TIA史 11(16.2) 6(17.1) 5(15.2) χ2=0.050 0.824
吸烟 30(44.1) 13(37.1) 17(43.0) χ2=1.423 0.233
饮酒 8(11.8) 5(14.3) 3(9.1) χ2=0.083 0.773
发病至入院时间[h,M(Q1Q3] 10.0(6.0,17.0) 11.0(5.0,18.5) 7.0(3.0,13.5) Z=1.352 0.135
基线NIHSS评分[分,MQ1Q3)] 3(2,5) 3(2,5) 3(3,4) Z=0.443 0.239
基线血压(mmHg,
±s
收缩压 149.1±16.3 150.1±10.3 145.8±15.1 t=1.231 0.267
舒张压 84.6±11.4 86.7±10.1 85.1±12.7 t=0.193 0.611
基线实验室检查
总胆固醇(mmol/L,
±s
5.4±1.2 5.7±0.9 4.8±1.5 t=0.228 0.669
低密度脂蛋白(mmol/L,
±s
3.4±1.2 3.6±2.1 3.1±1.9 t=0.139 0.132
三酰甘油(mmol/L,
±s
1.6±1.0 1.7±1.4 1.5±0.8 t=0.499 0.352
空腹血糖[mmol/L,MQ1Q3)] 5.8(5.0,7.9) 5.5(4.7,7.7) 6.5(5.4,8.9) Z=1.671 0.187
D-二聚体(mg/L,
±s
0.5±0.5 0.4±0.7 0.6±0.4 t=0.853 0.397
同型半胱氨酸(µmol/L,
±s
14.5±6.4 17.5±3.4 12.4±8.7 t=1.209 0.550
卒中病因分型[例(%)] χ2=1.778 0.193
大动脉粥样硬化 55(80.8) 29(82.9) 26(78.8)
心源性栓塞 6(8.8) 3(8.6) 3(9.1)
其他原因或原因不明 7(10.3) 3(8.6) 4(12.1)
大血管闭塞部位[例(%)] χ2=0.020 0.889
颈内动脉 17(25.0) 9(25.7) 8(24.2)
大脑中动脉M1段 51(75.0) 26(74.3) 25(75.8)
病灶侧别[例(%)] χ2=0.041 0.839
右侧 40(58.8) 21(60.0) 19(57.6)
左侧 28(41.2) 14(40.0) 14(42.4)
静脉溶栓[例(%)] 4(5.9) 2(5.7) 2(6.1) χ2=0.207 0.649
进展加重后NIHSS[分,MQ1Q3)] 13(9,16) 14(10,17) 11(9,15) Z=2.021 0.074
发病到进展加重的时间[h,MQ1Q3)] 16(6,40) 13(6,37) 19(8,45) Z=2.117 0.005
出院时NIHSS[分,MQ1Q3)] 5.0(3.0,7.2) 4.0(2.0,7.0) 5.0(2.0,9.0) Z=1.849 0.432
90 d mRS评分0~1分[例(%)] 17(25.0) 14(40.0) 3(9.1) χ2=8.655 0.003
90 d mRS评分0~2分[例(%)] 28(41.2) 19(54.3) 9(27.3) χ2=5.117 0.024
症状性颅内出血[例(%)] 2(2.9) 2(5.7) 0(0) - 0.505
90 d死亡[例(%)] 6(8.8) 3(8.6) 3(9.1) χ2=0.124 0.724
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