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中华脑血管病杂志(电子版) ›› 2026, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (01) : 16 -24. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1673-9248.2026.01.003

论著

基于病案首页数据分析缺血性脑卒中患者住院时长的影响因素
龙政1,2, 任怡2,3, 李佩佩1,2, 王肖然4, 边贺4, 张阳4, 邓应梅4, 冀冰心1, 马青峰1,2,3,()   
  1. 1 100053 北京,首都医科大学宣武医院医务处
    2 100053 北京市脑卒中诊疗质量控制和改进中心
    3 100053 北京,首都医科大学宣武医院神经内科
    4 100053 北京,首都医科大学宣武医院病案统计室
  • 收稿日期:2025-10-23 出版日期:2026-02-01
  • 通信作者: 马青峰
  • 基金资助:
    四大慢病国家科技重大专项(2024ZD0527600,2024ZD0527603); 首都医科大学宣武医院院级课题(QNPY202416)

Analysis of the influencing factors of the length of stay for ischemic stroke patients based on data from the first page of medical records

Zheng Long1,2, Yi Ren2,3, Peipei Li1,2, Xiaoran Wang4, He Bian4, Yang Zhang4, Yingmei Deng4, Bingxin Ji1, Qingfeng Ma1,2,3,()   

  1. 1 Medical Affairs Department, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
    2 Beijing Stroke Diagnosis and Treatment Quality Control and Improvement Center, Beijing 100053, China
    3 Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
    4 Medical Records and Statistics Department, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
  • Received:2025-10-23 Published:2026-02-01
  • Corresponding author: Qingfeng Ma
引用本文:

龙政, 任怡, 李佩佩, 王肖然, 边贺, 张阳, 邓应梅, 冀冰心, 马青峰. 基于病案首页数据分析缺血性脑卒中患者住院时长的影响因素[J/OL]. 中华脑血管病杂志(电子版), 2026, 20(01): 16-24.

Zheng Long, Yi Ren, Peipei Li, Xiaoran Wang, He Bian, Yang Zhang, Yingmei Deng, Bingxin Ji, Qingfeng Ma. Analysis of the influencing factors of the length of stay for ischemic stroke patients based on data from the first page of medical records[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Cerebrovascular Diseases(Electronic Edition), 2026, 20(01): 16-24.

目的

探讨缺血性脑卒中患者临床特征及住院时长的影响因素。

方法

回顾性收集出院时间为2015年1月至2024年12月在首都医科大学宣武医院住院的缺血性脑卒中患者为研究对象。按住院时长是否大于14 d分为长住院组和短住院组。通过病案首页系统采集缺血性脑卒中患者的人口学特征、疾病诊断、手术操作等标准化字段,包括出院年份、年龄、性别、医保付费方式、婚姻状况、来院方式、发病季节、手术/操作、入住重症监护室、离院方式和共患病数量,应用描述性分析、卡方检验、单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析各因素与住院时长的关系。

结果

2015—2024年,共纳入缺血性脑卒中患者47 285人次,其中男性34 271人次(72.5%)、女性13 014人次(27.5%)。中位住院时长为8(7,11)d,其中住院时长≤14 d的43 001人次(占比90.9%),住院时长>14 d的4284人次(占比9.1%)。住院时长>14 d与≤14 d患者的年龄、性别、医保付费方式、婚姻状况、来院方式、发病季节、实施手术/操作、入住重症监护室、离院方式和共患病数量比较,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示:女性患者>14 d住院时长的风险增加了8.1%(OR=1.081,95%CI:1.000~1.167,P=0.049),未婚患者增加了141.7%(OR=2.417,95%CI:1.833~3.152,P<0.001),冬季发病增加了20.9%(OR=1.209,95%CI:1.097~1.332,P<0.001),实施手术/操作增加了293.6%(OR=3.936,95%CI:3.172~4.948,P<0.001),入住重症监护室增加了835.4%(OR=9.354,95%CI:8.563~10.219,P<0.001),医嘱转院增加了55.6%(OR=1.556,95%CI:1.360~1.775,P<0.001);每增加1个共患病,>14 d住院时长风险增加了9.7%(OR=1.097,95%CI:1.090~1.103,P<0.001)。

结论

女性、未婚、冬季发病、实施手术/操作、入住重症监护室、医嘱转院和共患病数量均是缺血性脑卒中住院时长的独立危险因素,未来需针对高风险人群优化住院风险评估与干预策略,缩短住院时长及提高医疗服务效率。

Objective

To investigate the clinical characteristics and influencing factors of the length of stay (LOS) for patients with ischemic stroke.

Methods

A retrospective study was conducted on ischemic stroke patients hospitalized at Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, with discharge dates between January 2015 and December 2024. Patients were divided into a long-stay group (LOS > 14 days) and a short-stay group (LOS ≤ 14 days). Standardized data, including demographics, disease diagnoses, and surgical procedures, were collected from the medical record system. Collected variables encompassed discharge year, age, sex, insurance payment method, marital status, mode of arrival, season of onset, surgical procedures, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, discharge disposition, and number of comorbidities. Descriptive analysis, chi-square tests, and univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analyzes were applied to examine the relationship between these factors and LOS.

Results

From 2015 to 2024, a total of 47 285 ischemic stroke patient cases were included, comprising 34 271 males (72.5%) and 13 014 females (27.5%). The median LOS was 8 days (7-11 days). Among them, 43 001 cases (90.9%) had an LOS≤14 days, while 4284 (9.1%) >14 days. Significant statistical differences all (P<0.05) were observed between patients with LOS>14 days and those with LOS≤14 days regarding age, sex, insurance payment method, marital status, mode of arrival, season of onset, performance of surgeries/procedures, ICU admission, discharge disposition, and number of comorbidities. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of LOS>14 days increased by 8.1% for female patients (OR=1.081, 95%CI: 1.000 - 1.167, P=0.049), by 141.7% for unmarried patients (OR=2.417, 95%CI: 1.833 - 3.152, P<0.001), by 20.9% for winter onset (OR=1.209, 95%CI: 1.097 - 1.332, P<0.001), by 293.6% for performing surgeries/procedures (OR=3.936, 95%CI: 3.172 - 4.948, P<0.001), by 835.4% for ICU admission (OR=9.354, 95%CI: 8.563 - 10.219, P<0.001), and by 55.6% for transfer to another hospital by medical order (OR=1.556, 95%CI: 1.360 - 1.775, P<0.001). Furthermore, for each additional comorbidity, the risk of LOS>14 days increased by 9.7% (OR=1.097, 95%CI: 1.090 - 1.103, P<0.001).

Conclusion

Female sex, unmarried status, winter onset, performance of surgeries/procedures, ICU admission, physician-ordered transfer, and the number of comorbidities are independent risk factors for prolonged LOS in ischemic stroke patients. In the future, the hospital needs to optimize hospitalization risk assessment and intervention strategies for high-risk populations to reduce LOS and improve healthcare service efficiency.

表1 2015—2024年不同住院时长缺血性脑卒中患者分布情况
表2 不同住院时长缺血性脑卒中患者基本特征比较
变量 合计 住院时长≤14 d(n=43 001) 住院时长>14 d(n=4284) 统计值 P
年龄(岁,
±s
61.7±13.0 61.5±12.8 64.0±14.5 t=142.850 <0.001
性别[例(%)] χ2=18.050 <0.001
34 271(72.5) 31 285(72.8) 2986(69.7)
13 014(27.5) 11 716(27.2) 1298(30.3)
医保付费方式[例(%)] χ2=7.466 0.006
基本医保 32 578(68.9) 29 547(68.7) 3031(70.8)
自费+其他 14 707(31.1) 13 454(31.3) 1253(29.2)
婚姻状况[例(%)] χ2=21.278 <0.001
已婚 46 240(97.8) 42 049(97.8) 4191(97.8)
未婚 708(1.5) 625(1.5) 83(1.9)
离婚/丧偶 337(0.7) 327(0.8) 10(0.2)
来院方式[例(%)] χ2=26.564 <0.001
门诊 12 533(26.5) 11 540(26.8) 993(23.2)
急诊 34 752(73.5) 31 461(73.2) 3291(76.8)
发病季节[例(%)] χ2=91.567 <0.001
春季 11 221(23.7) 10 116(23.5) 1105(25.8)
夏季 12 625(26.7) 11 743(27.3) 882(20.6)
秋季 12 236(25.9) 11 065(25.7) 1171(27.3)
冬季 11 203(23.7) 10 077(23.4) 1126(26.3)
实施手术/操作[例(%)] χ2=470.693 <0.001
41 377(87.5) 37 180(86.5) 4197(98.0)
5908(12.5) 5821(13.5) 87(2.0)
入住重症监护室[例(%)] χ2=5892.913 <0.001
3734(7.9) 2103(4.9) 1631(38.1)
43 551(92.1) 40 898(95.1) 2653(61.9)
离院方式[例(%)] χ2=434.651 <0.001
医嘱离院 43 557(92.1) 39 940(92.9) 3617(84.4)
医嘱转院 2025(4.3) 1616(3.8) 409(9.5)
医嘱转社区卫生服务机构/乡镇卫生院 695(1.5) 604(1.4) 91(2.1)
非医嘱离院 213(0.5) 193(0.4) 20(0.5)
死亡 795(1.7) 648(1.5) 147(3.4)
共患病数量[个,MQ1Q3)] 14(10,19) 14(10,18) 18(12,25) Z=1086.494 <0.001
表3 缺血性脑卒中患者住院时长的单因素Logistic回归分析变量赋值
表4 缺血性脑卒中患者住院时长的单因素Logistic回归分析结果
表5 缺血性脑卒中患者住院时长的多因素Logistic回归分析结果
表6 缺血性脑卒中患者住院时长的敏感性分析(单因素Logistic回归分析结果)
表7 缺血性脑卒中患者住院时长的敏感性分析(多因素Logistic回归分析结果)
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