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中华脑血管病杂志(电子版) ›› 2021, Vol. 15 ›› Issue (05) : 314 -318. doi: 10.11817/j.issn.1673-9248.2021.05.008

论著

病毒性脑炎痫性发作演变为脑炎后癫痫的临床影响因素分析
冯美娜1, 杜远敏1, 涂文仙1,()   
  1. 1. 430015 武汉市长江航运总医院脑科医院神经内科
  • 收稿日期:2020-12-02 出版日期:2021-10-09
  • 通信作者: 涂文仙
  • 基金资助:
    武汉市医学科研项目(WX19C23)

Clinical factors driving the development of epilepsy from viral encephalitis to post-encephalitis epilepsy

Meina Feng1, Yuanmin Du1, Wenxian Tu1()   

  1. 1. Department of Neurology, Wuhan Brain Hosptial, General Hospital of the Yangtze River Shipping, Wuhan 430015, China
  • Received:2020-12-02 Published:2021-10-09
  • Corresponding author: Wenxian Tu
引用本文:

冯美娜, 杜远敏, 涂文仙. 病毒性脑炎痫性发作演变为脑炎后癫痫的临床影响因素分析[J]. 中华脑血管病杂志(电子版), 2021, 15(05): 314-318.

Meina Feng, Yuanmin Du, Wenxian Tu. Clinical factors driving the development of epilepsy from viral encephalitis to post-encephalitis epilepsy[J]. Chinese Journal of Cerebrovascular Diseases(Electronic Edition), 2021, 15(05): 314-318.

目的

分析病毒性脑炎(VE)痫性发作演变为脑炎后癫痫(PE)的临床影响因素。

方法

选取武汉市长江航运总医院脑科医院2018年1月至2019年11月住院治疗的80例VE痫性发作患者,根据是否演变为PE分组,将演变为PE的患者作为观察组(32例),未演变为PE的患者作为对照组(48例),采用χ2检验比较2组间性别、年龄、CT异常、急性期脑电图异常、脑脊液细胞数增多、发作类型、脑炎急性期意识障碍、神经系统缺损、脑炎急性期精神障碍、急性期后未继续服用抗癫痫药物、发作次数>10次、脑炎急性期发作癫痫的患者比例差异,采用独立样本t检验比较2组间外周血WBC计数、血清钠质量浓度、脑脊液压力的差异,差异具有统计学意义的因素采用Logistic多因素回归分析VE痫性发作演变为PE的影响因素。

结果

单因素分析显示,2组患者性别、年龄、CT异常、急性期脑电图异常、脑脊液细胞数增多、发作类型、脑炎急性期意识障碍、神经系统缺损、脑炎急性期精神障碍、外周血WBC计数、血清钠质量浓度、脑脊液压力比较,差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。观察组急性期后未继续服用抗癫痫药物患者占比低于对照组(31.25% vs 68.75%)、发作次数>10次患者占比高于对照组(75.00% vs 27.08%)、脑炎急性期发作癫痫患者占比高于对照组(68.75% vs 25.00%),差异均具有统计学意义(χ2=10.861、17.733、15.038,P=0.001、<0.001、<0.001)。多因素分析显示,急性期后未继续服用抗癫痫药物(OR=1.405,P=0.003)、发作次数>10次(OR=1.395,P=0.004)、脑炎急性期发作癫痫(OR=1.388,P=0.001)是VE痫性发作演变为PE的独立危险因素。

结论

VE痫性发作演变为PE与急性期后未继续服用抗癫痫药物、发作次数>10次、脑炎急性期发作癫痫有着极为密切的关系,临床应根据患者具体情况给予针对性治疗,最大限度降低PE发生概率。

Objective

Analyze the clinical factors driving the evolution of viral encephalitis (VE) seizures to post-encephalitis epilepsy (PE).

Methods

80 patients with VE seizures were included who were hospitalized from January 2018 to November 2019 in the Brain Hospital of Wuhan, General Hospital of the Yangtze River Shipping. According to whether they evolved into PE, the patients who evolved into PE were selected as the observation group (32 cases) while the patients who did not evolve into PE were used as the control group (48 cases). Chi-square test was used to compare gender, age, abnormal CT, abnormal EEG in the acute phase, increase in the cell number of cerebrospinal fluid, type of encephalitis, and disorder of consciousness in the acute phase of encephalitis, nervous defects, mental disorders in the acute phase of encephalitis, no continued use of antiepileptic drugs after the acute phase, seizures>10 times, and differences in epilepsy in the acute phase of encephalitis. The independent sample t test was used to compare the continuous variables between the two groups. The Logistic multivariate regression were used to analyze the driving factors of VE seizures to PE.

Results

Univariate analysis showed that there was no difference between the two groups in gender, age, abnormal CT, abnormal electroencephalogram in the acute phase, increased cell number of cerebrospinal fluid, type of attack, disturbance of consciousness in the acute phase of encephalitis, neurological deficit, mental disorder in the acute phase of encephalitis, and peripheral blood. There was no statistically significant difference in WBC, serum sodium, and cerebrospinal fluid pressure (all P>0.05). Differences were significant in taking antiepileptic drugs after the acute phase (31.25% vs 68.75%, χ2=10.861, P=0.001), over 10 seizure attacks (75.00% vs 27.08%, χ2=17.733, P<0.001), and the acute encephalitis seizures (68.75% vs 25.00%, χ2=15.038, P<0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that after the acute phase, antiepileptic drugs were not continued to be taken (OR=1.405, P=0.003), over 10 seizure attacks (OR=1.395, P=0.004), and epilepsy in the acute phase of encephalitis (OR=1.388, P=0.001) were independent risk factors for development of VE seizures to PE.

Conclusion

The evolution of VE seizures to PE is closely related to the failure to continue taking antiepileptic drugs after the acute phase, over 10 seizure attacks, and the acute phase of encephalitis seizure epilepsy. Clinically, targeted treatment should be given according to the specific conditions of the patient to minimize PE.

表1 病毒性脑炎痫性发作演变为脑炎后癫痫组和未演变组的危险因素比较
因素 观察组(32例) 对照组(48例) 统计值 P
性别[例(%)] χ2=0.868 0.351

16(50.00) 29(60.42)

16(50.00) 19(39.58)
年龄[例(%)] χ2=0.755 0.385

≥45岁

23(71.88) 30(62.50)

<45岁

9(28.13) 18(37.50)
CT异常[例(%)] χ2=1.222 0.543

皮层

10(31.25) 15(31.25)

皮层下

12(37.50) 13(27.08)

皮层及皮层下

10(31.25) 20(41.67)
急性期脑电图异常[例(%)] χ2=0.012 0.911

非癫痫波样异常

7(21.88) 10(20.83)

癫痫波样异常

25(78.13) 38(79.17)
脑脊液细胞数增多[例(%)] χ2=0.079 0.779

13(40.63) 18(37.50)

19(59.37) 30(62.50)
急性期后未继续服用抗癫痫药物[例(%)] χ2=10.861 0.001

22(68.75) 15(31.25)

10(31.25) 33(68.75)
发作次数>10次[例(%)] χ2=17.733 <0.001

24(75.00) 13(27.08)

8(25.00) 35(72.92)
脑炎急性期发作癫痫[例(%)] χ2=15.038 <0.001

22(68.75) 12(25.00)

10(31.25) 36(75.00)
发作类型[例(%)] χ2=0.034 0.853

全面性

14(43.75) 20(41.67)

部分性

18(56.25) 28(58.33)
脑炎急性期意识障碍[例(%)] χ2=1.014 0.314

17(53.13) 20(41.67)

15(46.88) 28(58.33)
神经系统缺损[例(%)] χ2=0.149 0.699

10(31.25) 17(35.42)

22(68.75) 31(64.58)
脑炎急性期精神障碍[例(%)] χ2=0.222 0.637

11(34.38) 19(39.58)

21(65.63) 29(60.42)
外周血WBC计数(×109/L,
x¯
±s
8.92±1.62 8.69±1.59 t=0.629 0.531
血清钠质量浓度(mmol/L,
x¯
±s
135.26±25.66 137.11±26.04 t=0.313 0.755
脑脊液压力(mmH2O,
x¯
±s
238.62±37.62 239.05±37.92 t=0.050 0.960
表2 病毒性脑炎痫性发作演变为脑炎后癫痫危险因素赋值表
表3 病毒性脑炎痫性发作演变为脑炎后癫痫危险因素的Logistic多因素分析
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