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中华脑血管病杂志(电子版) ›› 2023, Vol. 17 ›› Issue (06) : 582 -590. doi: 10.11817/j.issn.1673-9248.2023.06.009

临床研究

探讨原发性高血压伴失眠患者血清NPY、5-HT、BDNF水平变化及其临床意义
巩江华(), 李凝香, 李坚, 李枫, 童莉, 邢宏利, 何新霞   
  1. 053000 河北衡水,衡水市人民医院全科医学科
  • 收稿日期:2023-01-05 出版日期:2023-12-01
  • 通信作者: 巩江华
  • 基金资助:
    河北省医学科学研究重点课题计划基金资助项目(20181579)

Changes and significance of serum NPY, 5-HT, and BDNF levels in patients with essential hypertension and insomnia

Jianghua Gong(), Ningxiang Li, Jian Li, Feng Li, Li Tong, Hongli Xing, Xinxia. He   

  1. Department of General Practice, Hengshui People's Hospital, Hengshui 053000, China
  • Received:2023-01-05 Published:2023-12-01
  • Corresponding author: Jianghua Gong
引用本文:

巩江华, 李凝香, 李坚, 李枫, 童莉, 邢宏利, 何新霞. 探讨原发性高血压伴失眠患者血清NPY、5-HT、BDNF水平变化及其临床意义[J]. 中华脑血管病杂志(电子版), 2023, 17(06): 582-590.

Jianghua Gong, Ningxiang Li, Jian Li, Feng Li, Li Tong, Hongli Xing, Xinxia. He. Changes and significance of serum NPY, 5-HT, and BDNF levels in patients with essential hypertension and insomnia[J]. Chinese Journal of Cerebrovascular Diseases(Electronic Edition), 2023, 17(06): 582-590.

目的

探讨原发性高血压伴失眠患者血清神经肽Y(NPY)、5-羟色胺(5-HT)、脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)水平变化情况及其临床意义。

方法

选取2019年1月至2022年10月衡水市人民医院收治的单纯原发性高血压患者204例(高血压组)、原发性高血压伴失眠患者204例(高血压伴失眠组),另选取同期健康体检者204例(对照组),均行血清NPY、5-HT、BDNF水平检测,比较3组指标的变化情况。采用Pearson相关性分析法分析血清NPY、5-HT、BDNF水平与匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)的相关性。以单纯原发性高血压患者为对照,采用多元条件Logistic回归分析法分析原发性高血压伴失眠的影响因素。

结果

高血压组、高血压伴失眠组血清NPY、5-HT水平均高于对照组,血清BDNF水平均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05);高血压伴失眠组血清NPY、5-HT水平均高于高血压组,血清BDNF水平低于高血压组,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。经Pearson相关性分析显示,高血压患者血清NPY、5-HT水平与PSQI评分呈正相关(r=0.624、0.645,P<0.05),血清BDNF水平与PSQI评分呈负相关(r=-0.638,P<0.05);高血压伴失眠患者血清NPY、5-HT水平与PSQI评分均呈显著正相关(r=0.866、0.879,P<0.05),血清BDNF水平与PSQI评分呈显著负相关(r=-0.875,P<0.05);经多元条件Logistic回归分析显示,高血压3级、高血压病程、饮浓茶或咖啡、吸烟、肥胖、生活工作压力、睡眠习惯不良及血清NPY、5-HT、BDNF水平均是原发性高血压患者伴发失眠的影响因素(OR=2.795、3.062、2.255、2.199、2.413、2.241、2.375、3.232、3.758、0.535,P<0.05);进一步校正高血压3级、高血压病程、饮浓茶或咖啡、吸烟、肥胖、生活工作压力、睡眠习惯不良后,多元条件Logistic回归分析显示血清NPY、5-HT水平均是原发性高血压患者伴发失眠的危险因素(OR=2.678、2.849,P<0.05),而BDNF水平属于保护因素(OR=0.561,P<0.05)。

结论

原发性高血压伴失眠患者血清NPY、5-HT水平升高,而BDNF水平降低,此3项均与患者PSQI存在一定的相关性,均是原发性高血压伴发失眠的影响因素。

Objective

To investigate the changes and clinical significance of serum neuropeptide Y (NPY), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in patients with essential hypertension and insomnia.

Methods

204 patients with simple primary hypertension (hypertension group) and 204 patients with primary hypertension and insomnia (hypertension and insomnia group) admitted in Hengshui People’s Hospital from January 2019 to October 2022 were included, and 204 healthy people (control group) at the same period were included, too. The serum NPY, 5-HT, and BDNF levels of them were measured and compared. The correlations between serum NPY, 5-HT, and BDNF levels and Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) score were analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis. Compared with patients with simple primary hypertension, the influencing factors of essential hypertension with insomnia were analyzed by multivariate conditional Logistic regression analysis method.

Results

The levels of serum NPY and 5-HT in the hypertension group and the hypertension with insomnia group were higher than those in the control group, but the level of serum BDNF was lower than that in the control group, with the differences statistically significant (P<0.05). The levels of serum NPY and 5-HT in the hypertension with insomnia group were higher than those in with hypertension group, but the level of serum BDNF was lower than that in the hypertension group, with the differences statistically significant (P<0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed that serum NPY and 5-HT levels were positively correlated with PSQI score in patients with hypertension (r=0.624, 0.645, P<0.05), and the serum BDNF level was negatively correlated with PSQI score (r=-0.638, P<0.05). Serum NPY and 5-HT levels in patients with hypertension and insomnia were positively correlated with PSQI score (r=0.866, 0.879, P<0.05), while the serum BDNF level was negatively correlated with PSQI score (r=-0.875, P<0.05). Multivariate conditional Logistic regression analysis showed that grade 3 hypertension, course of hypertension, drink strong tea or coffee, smoking, obesity, life and work pressure, poor sleep habits, and serum NPY, 5-HT and BDNF levels were the influencing factors of insomnia in patients with essential hypertension (OR=2.795, 3.062, 2.255, 2.199, 2.413, 2.241, 2.375, 3.232, 3.758, 0.535, P<0.05). After further correction of hypertension grade 3, hypertension course, drinking strong tea or coffee, smoking, obesity, life and work pressure, and poor sleep habits, multiple conditional Logistic regression analysis showed that the levels of serum NPY and 5-HT were risk factors for insomnia in patients with essential hypertension (OR=2.678, 2.849, P<0.05), while the BDNF level was a protective factor (OR=0.561, P<0.05).

Conclusion

The levels of serum NPY, 5-HT, and BDNF in patients with primary hypertension and insomnia are increased, while the level of BDNF is decreased, and these three are all related to the PSQI score of patients, and they are the influencing factors of primary hypertension and insomnia.

图1 病例选取流程图
表1 3组研究对象一般资料比较
组别 对照组(204例) 高血压组(204例) 高血压伴失眠组(204例) 统计值 P
性别(男/女,例) 91/113 95/109 97/107 χ2=0.368 0.832
年龄(岁,
x¯
±s
57.35±11.28 57.82±11.41 58.19±11.54 F=0.278 0.758
高血压病程(年,
x¯
±s
10.57±2.08 11.46±2.11 t=4.290 <0.001
高血压等级[例(%)] Z=8.814 0.017
1级 89(43.63) 56(27.45)b
2级 108(52.94) 113(55.39)
3级 7(3.43) 35(17.16)b
失眠病程(年,
x¯
±s
3.45±0.53
失眠类型[例(%)]
短期失眠 53(25.98)
慢性失眠 151(74.02)
PSQI评分(分,
x¯
±s
6.48±1.22 7.85±1.46a 14.66±2.57ab F=1148.849 <0.001
不良生活习惯[例(%)]
饮浓茶或咖啡 7(3.43) 14(6.86) 27(13.24)ab 13.971 0.001
晚间进餐过多 5(2.45) 8(3.92) 11(5.39 2.342 0.310
白天睡眠时间过长 3(1.47) 5(2.45) 6(2.94) 1.023 0.599
吸烟 26(12.75) 39(19.12) 59(28.92)ab 16.769 <0.001
肥胖 42(20.59) 61(29.90)a 82(40.20)ab 18.609 <0.001
入院前用药情况[例(%)]
血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂 129(63.24) 135(66.18) 0.386 0.534
β受体阻滞剂 105(51.47) 108(52.94) 0.088 0.768
钙通道阻滞剂 62(30.39) 65(31.86) 0.084 0.771
血管紧张素受体阻滞剂 9(4.41) 11(5.39) 0.210 0.647
利尿剂 43(21.08) 49(24.02) 10.505 0.477
生活工作压力[例(%)] 29(14.22) 45(22.06)a 63(30.88)ab 13.326 <0.001
睡眠习惯不良[例(%)] 32(15.69) 49(24.02)a 68(33.33)ab 17.263 <0.001
睡眠环境改变[例(%)] 4(1.96) 5(2.45) 8(3.92) 1.573 0.455
心理障碍[例(%)] 0(0) 0(0) 0(0)
周围环境改变[例(%)] 2(0.98) 4(1.96) 3(1.47) 0.677 0.713
疼痛[例(%)] 0(0) 1(0.49) 4(1.96) 5.243 0.073
表2 3组研究对象血清NPY、5-HT、BDNF水平比较(
x¯
±s
表3 3组研究对象血清NPY、5-HT、BDNF水平与PSQI评分的相关性
表4 原发性高血压患者伴发失眠的多因素分析
表5 原发性高血压患者伴发失眠的校正后多因素分析
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