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中华脑血管病杂志(电子版) ›› 2023, Vol. 17 ›› Issue (06) : 576 -581. doi: 10.11817/j.issn.1673-9248.2023.06.008

临床研究

伴大血管闭塞的急性前循环缺血性轻型卒中患者机械取栓治疗效果分析
曹杨, 张士永()   
  1. 100015 首都医科大学附属北京地坛医院神经外科
    100054 北京丰台右安门医院神经介入科
  • 收稿日期:2023-04-06 出版日期:2023-12-01
  • 通信作者: 张士永

Efficacy analysis of mechanical thrombectomy for acute anterior circulation ischemic minor stroke with large vessel occlusion

Yang Cao, Shiyong Zhang()   

  1. Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China
    Department of Neurointervention, Beijing Fengtai You'anmen Hospital, Beijing 100054, China
  • Received:2023-04-06 Published:2023-12-01
  • Corresponding author: Shiyong Zhang
引用本文:

曹杨, 张士永. 伴大血管闭塞的急性前循环缺血性轻型卒中患者机械取栓治疗效果分析[J]. 中华脑血管病杂志(电子版), 2023, 17(06): 576-581.

Yang Cao, Shiyong Zhang. Efficacy analysis of mechanical thrombectomy for acute anterior circulation ischemic minor stroke with large vessel occlusion[J]. Chinese Journal of Cerebrovascular Diseases(Electronic Edition), 2023, 17(06): 576-581.

目的

提高对伴大血管闭塞的急性前循环缺血性轻型卒中患者机械取栓的诊疗认识。

方法

收集2020年1月至2022年11月北京丰台右安门医院神经介入科收治的急诊卒中取栓患者中表现为前循环伴大血管闭塞的轻型卒中者,回顾性分析并总结此类患者的临床特点、机械取栓效果并随访预后。采用Wilcoxon秩和检验比较基线与90 d美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分的差异。

结果

共17例患者入组,其中男性12例(70.6%),年龄为58(52,69)岁,以右侧发病为主(82.4%,14/17),Alberta卒中项目早期CT评分为10分者7例(41.2%,7/17),病因分型以大动脉粥样硬化型为主且均为颅内动脉粥样硬化性狭窄病变(82.4%,14/17),手术成功开通血管者16例(94.1%,16/17),术后颅内无症状出血者2例(11.8%,2/17)。90 d NIHSS评分低于基线NIHSS评分[1(0,2)分 vs 4(3,4)分],差异具有统计学意义(Z=-2.386,P=0.017)。90 d随访良好预后率为88.2%(15/17)。

结论

机械取栓治疗作为伴大血管闭塞的急性前循环缺血性轻型卒中患者的治疗方案是可行的,并且有较高的安全性及血管再通率。

Objective

To improve the understanding of the acute anterior circulation ischemic minor stroke with large vessel occlusion.

Methods

From 2020 Jan to 2022 Nov, 17 patients with acute anterior circulation ischemic minor stroke and large vessel occlusion were admitted to You'anmen Hospital. They were all emergency thrombectomy cases. The clinical characteristics, effect of mechanical thrombectomy, and the prognosis of these patients were analyzed retrospectively. The difference between the baseline to the 90 d National Institute of Health stroke scale (NIHSS) score were compared using the Wilcoxon rank sum test.

Results

There were 17 patients in total, including 12 males (70.6%), with age of 58(52, 69) years. 14 cases of stroke occurred on the right side (82.4%). Patients with 10 scores in ASPECT score accounted for 41.2%. The etiological type was mainly large atherosclerosis and all of them were intracranial atherosclerosis stenosis (82.4%). 16 patients were successfully recanalized (94.1%). 2 patients got asymptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (11.8%). The difference between the 90 day and the baseline NIHSS score [1(0, 2) vs 4(3, 4)] was statistically significant (Z=-2.386, P=0.017). The 90 day follow-up data showed 88.2% had modified Rankin scale score 0-2.

Conclusion

Mechanical thrombectomy is feasible as a treatment for patients with acute anterior circulation ischemic minor stroke and large vessel occlusion, and has high safety and vessel recanalization rate.

表1 伴大血管闭塞的急性前循环缺血性轻型卒中患者基本临床资料(n=17)
项目 数据 项目 数据
年龄[岁,MQR)] 58(52,69) 受累动脉系统[例(%)]
男性[例(%)] 12(70.6) 左颈内动脉 2(11.8)
高血压[例(%)] 7(41.2) 右颈内动脉 10(58.8)
高脂血症[例(%)] 4(23.5) 左大脑中动脉 1(5.9)
糖尿病[例(%)] 5(29.4) 右大脑中动脉 4(23.5)
既往脑梗死[例(%)] 3(17.6) 平均取栓次数[次,MQR)] 1(1,2)
心房颤动[例(%)] 2(11.8) 到院到穿刺时间[min,MQR)] 120(45,236)
吸烟[例(%)] 8(47.1) 穿刺到再通时间[min,MQR)] 45(32,50)
TOAST病因分型[例(%)] 手术方式[例(%)]
大动脉粥样硬化型 14(82.4) 支架取栓 11(64.7)
心源性栓塞 2(11.8) 抽吸取栓 4(23.5)
小动脉闭塞 0(0) 支架+抽吸取栓 2(11.8)
其他明确病因 0(0) 术后出血[例(%)] 2(11.8)
不明原因 1(5.9) 侧支状态[例(%)]
基线NIHSS评分[例(%)] 代偿良好 14(82.4)
0分 0(0) 代偿不足 3(17.6)
1分 0(0) 术后mTICI分级[例(%)]
2分 4(23.5) ≥2b级 16(94.1)
3分 4(23.5) <2b级 1(5.9)
4分 6(35.3) 90 d mRS评分[例(%)]
5分 3(17.6) 0分 8(47.1)
术前CT[例(%)] 17(100) 1分 5(29.4)
ASPECTS评分[例(%)] 2分 2(11.8)
7分 3(17.6) 3分 1(5.9)
8分 2(11.8) 4分 0(0)
9分 5(29.4) 5分 1(5.9)
10分 7(41.2) 6分 0(0)
桥接治疗[例(%)] 6(35.3)
图1 一例82岁女性右颈内动脉闭塞患者急诊机械取栓治疗前后影像学表现。图a~c 术前磁共振弥散加权成像示右大脑中动脉供血区急性脑梗死,其中图a示岛叶及M3区梗死、图b和图c示M4区梗死,Alberta卒中项目早期CT评分为7分,美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表评分为4分(左上肢运动2分,左下肢运动2分);图d 术前磁共振血管造影示右颈内动脉闭塞;图e 左颈内动脉造影示前交通动脉开放,左向右代偿;图f 右颈总动脉正位像示右颈内动脉眼动脉段远心端显影;图g 右颈总动脉侧位造影示右颈内动脉眼动脉段远心端显影;图h 中间导管抽吸至右颈内动脉岩段后造影;图i 抽吸出血栓;图j 支架取栓后正位造影提示血管开通成功,海绵窦段重度狭窄;图k 支架取栓后侧位造影提示血管开通成功,右颈内动脉海绵窦段重度狭窄,未给予狭窄病变处理;图l 术后即刻复查脑CT示无出血
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