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中华脑血管病杂志(电子版) ›› 2024, Vol. 18 ›› Issue (01) : 6 -13. doi: 10.11817/j.issn.1673-9248.2024.01.002

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中年心血管危险因素增加阿尔茨海默病相关痴呆的流行病学和机制研究进展
曾德阳1, 董贺千禧1, 陶凉1, 肖红艳1, 曾燕1, 鄢华1,()   
  1. 1. 430022 武汉科技大学亚洲心脏病医院心内科;430081 武汉科技大学医学部
  • 收稿日期:2023-12-12 出版日期:2024-02-01
  • 通信作者: 鄢华
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金面上项目(82371444); 科技创新2030-“脑科学和类脑研究”重大项目(2022ZD0211604)

Epidemiological and mechanistic evidence in cardiovascular risk factors in middle-aged individuals with increased Alzheimer's disease-related dementias

Deyang Zeng1, Heqianxi Dong1, Liang Tao1, Hongyan Xiao1, Yan Zeng1, Hua Yan1,()   

  1. 1. Department of Cardiology, Asian Heart Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China;Medical School, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China
  • Received:2023-12-12 Published:2024-02-01
  • Corresponding author: Hua Yan
引用本文:

曾德阳, 董贺千禧, 陶凉, 肖红艳, 曾燕, 鄢华. 中年心血管危险因素增加阿尔茨海默病相关痴呆的流行病学和机制研究进展[J]. 中华脑血管病杂志(电子版), 2024, 18(01): 6-13.

Deyang Zeng, Heqianxi Dong, Liang Tao, Hongyan Xiao, Yan Zeng, Hua Yan. Epidemiological and mechanistic evidence in cardiovascular risk factors in middle-aged individuals with increased Alzheimer's disease-related dementias[J]. Chinese Journal of Cerebrovascular Diseases(Electronic Edition), 2024, 18(01): 6-13.

尽管越来越多的流行病学研究证明,中年心血管风险因素,如高血压、糖尿病、肥胖、缺乏运动和吸烟,通过脑动脉粥样硬化、脑灌注不足和神经退行性变等病理机制,增加阿尔茨海默病相关痴呆(ADRD)的发病率,但心血管危险因素和亚临床动脉粥样硬化对ADRD临床前阶段的纵向影响尚未完全阐明。本篇综述系统阐述了心血管风险因素,亚临床或症状前动脉粥样硬化与ADRD之间的关系,提出识别心血管危险因素并确定预防和延迟ADRD发作的关键时间窗至关重要,开展大规模多中心的心血管危险因素预防试验将有助于确定血管因素是否对亚临床动脉粥样硬化有明显影响,并阐明中年心血管风险因素对大脑的影响。

Epidemiological studies have shown that vascular risk factors, such as hypertension, diabetes, obesity, physical inactivity, and smoking, are associated with the incidence of Alzheimer's disease-related dementia (ADRD) through pathways including cerebral atherosclerosis, cerebral hypoperfusion, and neurodegeneration. Despite the accumulating evidence linking cardiovascular risk factors and Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis, the longitudinal impact of cardiovascular risk factors and subclinical atherosclerosis on preclinical stage of Alzheimer's disease has not yet been fully elucidated. In this review, the authors have illustrated the data available in the literature on the relationship between subclinical, or presymptomatic, atherosclerosis and ADRD. Therefore, identifying cardiovascular risk factors for Alzheimer's disease and determining the critical time windows to prevent and delay the onset of ADRD are important. Cardiovascular prevention trials will help to establish whether vascular factors have a clear impact on this pathology and to clarify the effects of cardiovascular risk factors on the brain.

图1 心血管危险因素参与阿尔茨海默病相关痴呆的机制分析
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