脑淀粉样血管病（CAA）被定义为β淀粉样蛋白沉积于软脑膜、皮质及小脑的小动脉、微动脉及毛细血管管壁所致的一类年龄相关脑小血管病，是老年人自发性脑叶出血的第一位原因，也是年龄相关认知下降的重要病因。基于病理、临床及影像学的Boston诊断标准，已经广泛应用于临床实践和研究。然而，国内研究者对CAA的认识存在不足，现有的CAA诊断标准对于临床工作的实际指导作用尚不能满足临床实践需求，且国内目前尚无针对CAA诊断、预防和治疗的指南及共识，故中华医学会神经病学分会及其脑血管病学组组织专家制订了《中国脑淀粉样血管病诊治共识（2023版）》（简称《共识》）。该《共识》采用国际公认的制定标准方法和流程，系统检索国内外最新文献证据，针对CAA诊断和治疗的14个临床问题给出了推荐意见，为中国神经科医师诊断和治疗CAA提供参考和指导。本文围绕该《共识》的主要推荐内容进行解读，以便读者更好地理解和掌握《共识》的相关内容。

Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is an age-related cerebral small vessel disease characterized by the deposition of β-amyloid in the walls of small arteries, arterioles, and capillaries within the leptomeninges, cortex, and cerebellum. It is the leading cause of spontaneous lobar intracerebral hemorrhage in the elderly and a major etiological factor in age-related cognitive decline. The current diagnostic standard, the Boston criteria, integrates pathological, clinical, and neuroimaging features and is widely used in both clinical and research settings. However, awareness of CAA remains suboptimal in China, and existing diagnostic criteria do not fully align with the needs of routine clinical practice. Additionally, there has been a lack of nationwide guidelines or expert consensus on the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of CAA in China. To bridge this gap, the Chinese Society of Neurology and its Cerebrovascular Disease Study Group convened a panel of experts to develop the Chinese Consensus on the Diagnosis and Management of Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy (2023 edition) (hereinafter referred to as the Consensus). Adhering to internationally recognized methodological standards, the Consensus systematically reviewed the latest global evidence and provided evidence-based recommendations addressing 14 key clinical issues in CAA diagnosis and management. These recommendations aim to standardize clinical practice and serve as a practical guide for Chinese neurologists. This article delves into the Consensus's core recommendations to enhance their comprehension and clinical implementation.