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中华脑血管病杂志(电子版) ›› 2026, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (02) : 139 -147. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1673-9248.2026.02.005

临床研究

情景模拟联合计算机辅助认知训练对老年高血压合并轻度认知障碍患者的影响
石净, 王思凡, 王红伟, 唐玉帝, 李丹, 邢岩()   
  1. 102206 北京大学国际医院神经内科
  • 收稿日期:2025-12-15 出版日期:2026-04-01
  • 通信作者: 邢岩
  • 基金资助:
    北京大学国际医院院内课题项目(YN2023HL04)

Influence of scenario simulation combined with computer-assisted cognitive training on elderly hypertensive patients with mild cognitive impairment

Jing Shi, Sifan Wang, Hongwei Wang, Yudi Tang, Dan Li, Yan Xing()   

  1. Department of Neurology, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing 102206, China
  • Received:2025-12-15 Published:2026-04-01
  • Corresponding author: Yan Xing
引用本文:

石净, 王思凡, 王红伟, 唐玉帝, 李丹, 邢岩. 情景模拟联合计算机辅助认知训练对老年高血压合并轻度认知障碍患者的影响[J/OL]. 中华脑血管病杂志(电子版), 2026, 20(02): 139-147.

Jing Shi, Sifan Wang, Hongwei Wang, Yudi Tang, Dan Li, Yan Xing. Influence of scenario simulation combined with computer-assisted cognitive training on elderly hypertensive patients with mild cognitive impairment[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Cerebrovascular Diseases(Electronic Edition), 2026, 20(02): 139-147.

目的

探讨不同情景模拟干预模式联合计算机辅助认知训练(CACT)对老年高血压合并轻度认知障碍(MCI)患者认知功能、风险感知及就医意愿的影响,并筛选最优干预模式。

方法

采用随机对照试验设计,前瞻性纳入2023年12月至2025年8月北京大学国际医院神经内科招募的149例老年高血压合并MCI患者[蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA)评分18~26分]为研究对象。完成基线评估后,按1∶1∶1∶1比例将老年高血压合并MCI患者随机分为个体参与式情景模拟组(A组,n=37)、非参与式情景模拟组(B组,n=37)、非相关情景模拟组(C组,n=37)及健康宣教对照组(D组,n=38)。2种干预并列实施:①情景模拟干预于基线(T0)后即刻实施1次,观看5~7 min动画视频,随访至干预后3周(T3);②CACT同步实施6周(每日≥30 min,每周≥7次,总时长≥20 h)。在T0与CACT干预6周后(T4),采用MoCA评估认知功能;在T0、情景干预后即刻(T1)、干预后1周(T2)及干预后3周(T3),采用疾病三维风险感知量表(TRIRISK)评估风险感知,并评估健康行为意愿及就医意愿。采用配对样本t检验与单因素方差分析比较认知功能差异,采用重复测量方差分析(LSD法)比较风险感知及意愿变化,并以二元Logistic回归分析就医意愿的预测因素。

结果

干预期间共失访5例,总失访率为3.36%,A组、B组、C组各失访1例,D组失访2例,最终每组各纳入36例进行统计分析。在T4时,4组患者的MoCA总分均较T0显著提高,A组患者由(22.51±2.01)分提高至(25.78±1.71)分,B组患者由(22.10±2.20)分提高至(25.59±1.82)分,C组患者由(22.41±2.14)分提高至(25.47±1.91)分,D组患者由(22.23±2.34)分提高至(25.68±1.64)分,差异均有统计学意义(t=7.435、7.334、6.401、7.244,P均<0.001);但4组患者在T4时的MoCA总分组间比较差异无统计学意义(F=0.199,P=0.897)。在风险感知方面,自T1起,A组患者的风险感知总分持续高于其余各组,A组患者在T3时的总分为(7.42±1.56)分,较基线提升131.15%(t=36.617,P<0.001),且均显著高于B组、C组、D组患者T3时的总分[(6.35±1.48)、(4.22±1.65)、(4.17±1.59)分],差异均有统计学意义(t=2.986、8.456、8.754,P=0.004、<0.001、<0.001)。在T3时,A组患者的健康行为意愿达标率为91.67%,就医意愿评分为(4.68±0.52)分,均显著高于其余3组患者。二元Logistic回归分析显示:体验风险感知(OR=1.186,95%CI:1.012~1.389,P=0.043)和健康行为意愿(OR=1.207,95%CI:1.082~1.346,P=0.001)均是就医意愿的正向预测因素。

结论

CACT可显著改善老年高血压合并MCI患者的认知功能;在并列实施的情景模拟干预中,个体参与式模式在提升患者的风险感知及健康相关意愿方面效果最优。

Objective

To investigate the effects of different scenario-based simulation intervention modes combined with computer-assisted cognitive training (CACT) on cognitive function, risk perception, and medical-seeking intention in older adults with hypertension and mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and to identify the optimal intervention mode.

Methods

A randomized controlled trial was adopted. From December 2023 to August 2025, a total of 149 elderly patients with hypertension and MCI [Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) score 18 - 26] were prospectively recruited from the Department of Neurology, Peking University International Hospital. After baseline assessment, in a 1∶1∶1∶1 ratio, the participants were randomly divided into an interactive scenario-based simulation group (group A, n=37), a non-interactive scenario-based simulation group (group B, n=37), a non-relevant scenario-based simulation group (group C, n=37), and a health education control group (group D, n=38). Two interventions were implemented in parallel: (1) scenario-based simulation intervention, consisting of a single 5 – 7-minute animated video administered immediately after baseline (T0) assessment, with follow-up until 3 weeks post-intervention (T3); and (2) CACT administered concurrently for 6 weeks (≥30 minutes per day, ≥7 sessions per week, total duration ≥20 hours). Cognitive function was assessed using the MoCA at T0 and after 6 weeks of CACT (T4). Risk perception was assessed using the Tripartite Risk Perception Scale (TRIRISK) at T0, immediately after the scenario intervention (T1), 1 week post-intervention (T2), and 3 weeks post-intervention (T3). Health behavior intention and medical-seeking intention were also evaluated at the same time points. Paired t-tests and one-way analysis of variance were used to compare differences in cognitive function. Repeated-measures analysis of variance (LSD method) was used to compare changes in risk perception and intention. Binary Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify predictors of medical-seeking intention.

Results

During the intervention period, a total of 5 cases were lost to follow-up, with a total loss-to-follow-up rate of 3.36%. Group A, Group B, and Group C each lost 1 case, while Group D lost 2 cases. Eventually, 36 cases were included in each group for statistical analysis. At T4, the total MoCA scores of patients in all four groups significantly increased compared to T0. The scores of patients in Group A increased from 22.51±2.01 to 25.78±1.71, those in Group B increased from 22.10±2.20 to 25.59±1.82, those in Group C increased from 22.41±2.14 to 25.47±1.91, and those in Group D increased from 22.23±2.34 to 25.68±1.64. The differences were statistically significant (t=7.435, 7.334, 6.401, 7.244, all P<0.001). However, there was no statistically significant difference in the total MoCA scores among the four groups at T4 (F=0.199, P=0.897). In terms of risk perception, since T1, the total risk perception score of patients in Group A remained consistently higher than those in the other groups. The total score of Group A patients at T3 was 7.42±1.56, which increased by 131.15% compared to the baseline (t=36.617, P<0.001), and was significantly higher than the total scores of patients in Group B, Group C, and Group D at T3 (6.35±1.48, 4.22±1.65, 4.17±1.59), and the differences were statistically significant (t=2.986, 8.456, 8.754; P=0.004, <0.001, <0.001). At T3, the compliance rate of health behavior intentions in Group A was 91.67%, and the medical-seeking intention score was 4.68±0.52, which were significantly higher than those of the other three groups. Binary Logistic regression analysis showed that experiential risk perception (OR=1.186, 95%CI: 1.012 - 1.389, P=0.043) and health behavior intentions (OR=1.207, 95%CI: 1.082 - 1.346, P=0.001) were positive predictors of medical-seeking intention.

Conclusion

CACT can significantly improve cognitive function in older patients with hypertension and MCI. Among the concurrently implemented scenario-based simulation interventions, the interactive (individual-participatory) mode is the most effective in enhancing risk perception and health-related intentions.

表1 4组老年高血压合并轻度认知障碍患者一般资料比较
特征 A组(n=36) B组(n=36) C组(n=36) D组(n=36) 统计值 P
年龄(岁,
±s
68.22±7.48 67.75±8.17 69.09±7.30 68.46±7.81 F=0.189 0.904
男性[例(%)] 19(52.78) 20(55.56) 18(50.00) 22(61.11) χ2=0.982 0.806
高血压病程(年,
±s
12.08±4.27 11.77±4.46 12.45±4.17 12.26±4.38 F=0.161 0.922
文化程度[例(%)] χ2=0.933 0.988
小学及以下 8(22.22) 9(25.00) 10(27.78) 7(19.44)
初中 15(41.67) 14(38.89) 13(36.11) 16(44.44)
高中及以上 13(36.11) 13(36.11) 13(36.11) 13(36.11)
BMI(kg/m2
±s
24.28±2.09 24.06±2.25 24.50±2.17 24.19±2.36 F=0.251 0.861
高血压分级[例(%)] χ2=0.762 0.993
1级 10(27.78) 11(30.56) 9(25.00) 12(33.33)
2级 18(50.00) 17(47.22) 19(52.78) 16(44.44)
3级 8(22.22) 8(22.22) 8(22.22) 8(22.22)
婚姻状况[例(%)] χ2=2.771 0.437
已婚 28(77.78) 26(72.22) 27(75.00) 29(80.56)
丧偶 7(19.44) 9(25.00) 8(22.22) 6(16.67)
其他 1(2.78) 1(2.78) 1(2.78) 1(2.78)
吸烟史[例(%)] χ2=0.939 0.816
6(16.67) 8(22.22) 7(19.44) 5(13.89)
30(83.33) 28(77.78) 29(80.56) 31(86.11)
饮酒史[例(%)] χ2=2.000 0.572
5(13.89) 7(19.44) 8(22.22) 4(11.11)
31(86.11) 29(80.56) 28(77.78) 32(88.89)
规律运动[例(%)] χ2=0.593 0.898
是(每周≥3次) 14(38.89) 12(33.33) 13(36.11) 15(41.67)
22(61.11) 24(66.67) 23(63.89) 21(58.33)
表2 4组老年高血压合并轻度认知障碍患者认知功能[蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA)评分]比较(分,
±s
表3 4组老年高血压合并轻度认知障碍患者风险感知[疾病三维风险感知量表(TRIRISK)评分]比较(分,
±s
指标 A组(n=36) B组(n=36) C组(n=36) D组(n=36) F P A组 vs B组 A组 vs C组 A组 vs D组
t P t P t P
审慎维度
T0 2.15±1.32 2.23±1.28 2.18±1.35 2.21±1.30 0.026 0.994 0.261 0.795 0.095 0.924 0.194 0.846
T1 3.86±1.45 3.21±1.36 2.52±1.31 2.48±1.29 8.401 <0.001 1.962 0.051 4.114 <0.001 4.266 <0.001
T2 4.32±1.38 3.65±1.29 2.71±1.26 2.67±1.24 13.641 <0.001 2.128 0.037 5.169 <0.001 5.336 <0.001
T3 4.98±1.21 4.12±1.15 2.85±1.27 2.83±1.24 26.632 <0.001 3.091 0.003 7.286 <0.001 7.446 <0.001
tT0-T3 24.560 11.076 0.519 1.180
PT0-T3 <0.001 <0.001 0.224 0.331
情感维度
T0 2.03±1.65 2.11±1.58 2.07±1.62 2.09±1.60 0.016 0.997 0.210 0.834 0.104 0.918 0.157 0.876
T1 3.98±1.52 3.12±1.43 2.45±1.51 2.41±1.48 8.838 <0.001 2.473 0.016 4.285 <0.001 4.400 <0.001
T2 4.45±1.46 3.42±1.38 2.58±1.45 2.53±1.42 14.339 <0.001 3.076 0.003 5.453 <0.001 5.656 <0.001
T3 4.89±1.32 3.85±1.26 2.71±1.43 2.68±1.39 21.986 <0.001 3.419 0.001 6.721 <0.001 6.917 <0.001
tT0-T3 24.822 7.892 1.083 0.826
PT0-T3 <0.001 0.001 0.342 0.441
体验维度
T0 2.35±1.24 2.42±1.21 2.38±1.26 2.40±1.23 0.021 0.996 0.242 0.809 0.102 0.919 0.172 0.864
T1 4.12±1.36 3.35±1.28 2.67±1.30 2.63±1.27 10.422 <0.001 2.474 0.016 4.624 <0.001 4.804 <0.001
T2 4.68±1.29 3.78±1.21 2.82±1.25 2.77±1.22 19.152 <0.001 3.053 0.003 6.213 <0.001 6.454 <0.001
T3 5.12±1.18 4.25±1.12 3.11±1.19 3.08±1.17 25.689 <0.001 3.209 0.002 7.196 <0.001 7.366 <0.001
tT0-T3 31.627 11.428 1.116 0.817
PT0-T3 <0.001 <0.001 0.331 0.445
总分
T0 3.21±1.78 3.35±1.69 3.18±1.82 3.24±1.75 0.067 0.979 0.342 0.733 0.071 0.944 0.072 0.943
T1 5.68±1.65 4.82±1.57 3.65±1.72 3.59±1.68 13.254 <0.001 2.266 0.027 5.110 <0.001 5.325 <0.001
T2 6.45±1.60 5.48±1.52 3.89±1.69 3.82±1.63 22.767 <0.001 2.634 0.010 6.600 <0.001 6.909 <0.001
T3 7.42±1.56 6.35±1.48 4.22±1.65 4.17±1.59 37.963 <0.001 2.986 0.004 8.456 <0.001 8.754 <0.001
tT0-T3 36.617 16.825 1.543 1.097
PT0-T3 <0.001 <0.001 0.218 0.344
表4 4组老年高血压合并轻度认知障碍患者健康行为意愿及就医意愿比较
表5 老年高血压合并轻度认知障碍患者就医意愿的二元Logistic回归分析结果
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