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中华脑血管病杂志(电子版) ›› 2026, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (02) : 133 -138. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1673-9248.2026.02.004

临床研究

急性小脑梗死的临床影像学特征
于玲1, 秦伟2, 徐霁华2, 胡秀朝2, 杨磊2, 胡文立2,()   
  1. 1 100020 北京,首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院内分泌科
    2 100020 北京,首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院神经内科
  • 收稿日期:2025-12-27 出版日期:2026-04-01
  • 通信作者: 胡文立
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(62176240)

Clinical and imaging features of acute cerebellar infarction

Ling Yu1, Wei Qin2, Jihua Xu2, Xiuzhao Hu2, Lei Yang2, Wenli Hu2,()   

  1. 1 Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
    2 Department of Neurology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
  • Received:2025-12-27 Published:2026-04-01
  • Corresponding author: Wenli Hu
引用本文:

于玲, 秦伟, 徐霁华, 胡秀朝, 杨磊, 胡文立. 急性小脑梗死的临床影像学特征[J/OL]. 中华脑血管病杂志(电子版), 2026, 20(02): 133-138.

Ling Yu, Wei Qin, Jihua Xu, Xiuzhao Hu, Lei Yang, Wenli Hu. Clinical and imaging features of acute cerebellar infarction[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Cerebrovascular Diseases(Electronic Edition), 2026, 20(02): 133-138.

目的

探讨不同类型急性小脑梗死患者的临床影像学特征及可能的发病机制。

方法

回顾性收集2016年1月至2020年12月首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院神经内科住院的300例急性小脑梗死患者为研究对象,根据梗死灶累及范围分为流域性梗死(TI)组130例和非流域性梗死(non-TI)组170例。比较2组患者的临床与影像学特征。计量资料2组间比较采用独立样本t检验或Mann-Whitney秩和检验,计数资料2组间比较采用χ2检验。

结果

2组患者的年龄、高血压、糖尿病、高脂血症、冠心病、心房颤动、吸烟史及饮酒史等传统危险因素比较,差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。2组患者的椎动脉颅内段、基底动脉以及椎动脉合并基底动脉狭窄比例均较高,但差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。TI组患者的椎动脉颅外段狭窄比例明显高于non-TI组(65.38% vs 54.12%),小脑外梗死比例明显低于non-TI组(40.00% vs 54.71%),差异均有统计学意义(χ2=3.866、6.377,P=0.049、0.012)。TI组患者中大动脉粥样硬化型116例、其他病因型7例、病因不确定型5例、心源性栓塞型2例;2组患者间不同类型病因分型比较,差异有统计学意义(χ2=22.525,P<0.001)。从临床症状上来说,TI组患者表现为眩晕和头痛的比例均明显高于non-TI组患者(52.31% vs 28.24%,χ2=17.041,P<0.001;23.85% vs 10.00%,χ2=10.220,P=0.001)。从体征来说,TI组患者眼震和共济失调阳性的比例均明显高于non-TI组患者(23.08% vs 12.35%,χ2=5.935,P=0.015;39.23% vs 22.35%,χ2=10.229,P=0.006)。

结论

急性流域性和非流域性小脑梗死患者有类似的心脑血管病危险因素和相似的椎动脉、基底动脉狭窄比例。临床上表现为眩晕、头痛,以及查体可见眼震及同侧肢体共济失调的患者,要首先考虑小脑流域性梗死的可能,重点查找大动脉粥样硬化及心源性栓塞的证据。

Objective

To investigate the clinical and imaging features of different types of acute cerebellar infarction and their possible pathogenetic mechanisms.

Methods

A total of 300 patients with acute cerebellar infarction admitted to the Department of Neurology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, between January 2016 and December 2020 were enrolled. According to the extent of the ischemic lesion, they were divided into a territorial infarction (TI) group of 130 cases and a non-territorial infarction (non-TI) group of 170 cases. The clinical and imaging characteristics between the two patient groups were compared. Continuous data were compared using the independent samples t-test or the Mann-Whitney U test, while categorical data were analyzed using the Chi-square test.

Results

No statistically significant intergroup differences were observed in conventional vascular risk factors, including age, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, coronary artery disease, atrial fibrillation, smoking, or alcohol consumption (all P>0.05). The proportion of intracranial vertebral artery stenosis, basilar artery stenosis, and combined vertebral and basilar artery stenosis were relatively high in both groups, without significant between-group differences (all P>0.05). In contrast, the TI cohort exhibited a significantly higher rate of extracranial vertebral artery stenosis than the non-TI cohort (65.38% vs 54.12%, χ2=3.866, P=0.049) and a significantly lower rate of extra-cerebellar infarction (40.00% vs 54.71%, χ2=6.377, P=0.012). Etiological subtyping revealed large-artery atherosclerosis in 116 TI patients, other determined causes in 7, cryptogenic stroke in 5, and cardio-embolism in 2. The distribution of etiological subtypes differed significantly between groups (χ2=22.525, P<0.001). Clinically, the TI group presented with vertigo and headache more frequently than the non-TI group (vertigo: 52.31% vs 28.24%, χ2=17.041, P<0.001; headache: 23.85% vs 10.00%, χ2=10.220, P=0.001). On neurological examination, positive nystagmus and ataxia were also more prevalent in the TI group (nystagmus: 23.08% vs 12.35%, χ2=5.935, P=0.015; ataxia: 39.23% vs 22.35%, χ2=10.229, P=0.006).

Conclusion

Acute territorial and non-territorial cerebellar infarction patients had similar cardiovascular risk factors and similar frequencies of vertebral artery and basilar artery stenosis. For patients with presenting vertigo, headache, nystagmus and ipsilateral limb ataxia on physical examination, cerebellar territorial infarction should be the leading diagnostic consideration, and focus should be placed on identifying evidence of large-artery atherosclerosis and cardiogenic embolism.

表1 2组急性小脑梗死患者临床特征比较
表2 2组急性小脑梗死患者影像学特征比较[例(%)]
表3 2组急性小脑梗死患者病因分型比较[例(%)]
表4 2组急性小脑梗死患者临床症状与体征比较[例(%)]
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