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Chinese Journal of Cerebrovascular Diseases(Electronic Edition) ›› 2021, Vol. 15 ›› Issue (03): 163-169. doi: 10.11817/j.issn.1673-9248.2021.03.006

• Original Article • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Risk factors for bleeding and early neurological deterioration after urokinase thrombolysis: a retrospective multicenter study

Jieshi Zhong1, Song Liu1, Yuhong Zhu1, Wenji Jia1, Ying Wang1, Jie Zhang1, Jianhong Han1,()   

  1. 1. Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650000, China
  • Received:2020-11-06 Online:2021-06-01 Published:2021-07-22
  • Contact: Jianhong Han

Abstract:

Objective

To analyze the incidence of bleeding, early neurological deterioration (END) and mortality within 24 hours among patients with the urokinase thrombolytic therapy after acute ischemic stroke (AIS), and to analyze the related risk factors.

Methods

The AIS patients were included who received urokinase and recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) thrombolytic therapy in eleven clinical centers in Yunan Province from April 2019 to June 2020. According to the thrombolytic time window,the patients who received urokinase thrombolytic therapy were divided into group A (onset to treatment time, OTT≤3h, n=27), group B (3 h<OTT≤4.5 h, n=57) and group C (4.5 h<OTT≤6 h, n=98). The incidence of bleeding, END and the mortality between the urokinase group and rt-PA group and among urokinase subgroups were compared by χ2 test. The multivariate logistic regression was applied to analyze the possible risk factors.

Results

A total of 182 patients with urokinase treatment and 414 patients with rt-PA treatment were collected. There were no statistically significant differences in the incidence of total hemorrhage, intracranial hemorrhage, extracranial hemorrhage, symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage, and END between urokinase group and rt-PA group (P>0.05). The total hemorrhage incidence was different among the urokinase subgroups [group A: 25.93%(7/27), group B: 7.02%(4/57), group C: 10.20%(10/98)], the total hemorrhage incidence of group A was significantly higher than group B and group C (χ2=5.756, 4.453; P=0.016, 0.035), and there were no statistically significant differences in the incidence of intracranial hemorrhage, extracranial hemorrhage and END among subgroups of urokinase (P>0.05). OTT≤3h (P=0.020, OR=3.899, 95%CI: 1.242~12.237), leukocytosis (P=0.035, OR=1.177, 95%CI: 1.011~1.371) and atrial fibrillation (P=0.033, OR=4.775, 95%CI=1.138~20.032) were risk factors for hemorrhage within 24 h after urokinase thrombolysis. The increase of prothrombin time (P=0.029, OR=0.484, 95%CI: 0.253~0.927) is a protective factor for the END.

Conclusion

Urokinase thrombolytic therapy within 6h time window is safe. OTT≤3 h, leukocytosis and atrial fibrillation were risk factors for hemorrhage within 24h after urokinase thrombolysis. The increase of prothrombin time is a protective factor for the END.

Key words: Acute ischemic stroke, Urokinase, Intravenous thrombolysis, Hemorrhage, Early neurological deterioration

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