Post-stroke balance disorder significantly increases the risk of falls and severely affects patients' quality of life. Post-stroke balance disorder is a complex dysfunction involving multiple systems, and its pathogenesis involves multiple levels such as abnormal sensory input, impaired central nervous system network integration, imbalance in motor output, and cognitive-motor coupling disorders. Multimodal comprehensive rehabilitation interventions, including mechanism-oriented pharmacotherapy, neuromodulation therapy, and rehabilitation therapy, can effectively improve patients' balance function. This article systematically collects and analyzes research literature on post-stroke balance disorder in recent years by searching relevant domestic and international databases, summarizing its neurophysiological basis, structural and functional damage mechanisms, and treatment strategies, with the aim of providing a reference for developing more precise and individualized treatment plans.

Carotid free-floating thrombus (CFFT) is a rare but high-risk condition for embolic events, often leading to acute ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack. The pathogenesis of CFFT remains incompletely understood, with most cases related to rupture of atherosclerotic plaques. Imaging plays a central role in the diagnosis of CFFT, and noninvasive imaging techniques have become the main diagnostic tools in recent years. Although understanding of CFFT has deepened, the rarity of cases and lack of large-scale studies mean that standardized treatment guidelines are still unavailable. Current treatment strategies mainly include anticoagulation, antiplatelet therapy, and surgical or endovascular intervention. Despite the increasing number of recent small-scale observational studies on CFFT, the optimal management strategy remains controversial. This review summarizes recent evidence on the epidemiology, pathogenesis, imaging diagnosis, and current treatment strategies of CFFT, aiming to enhance early recognition and standardized management in clinical practice and to provide insights for future high-quality prospective studies.

To investigate the short-term effects of brain-computer interface (BCI) rehabilitation training combined with traditional rehabilitation therapy on short-term motor function improvement in the acute phase of cerebral infarction, and to explore the clinical value of ultra-early intervention initiated within 48 hours after stroke onset.

Patients with acute cerebral infarction admitted to the Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Hebei Medical University from July to December 2025 were prospectively enrolled. Both groups received routine neurological treatment, and were divided into a treatment group (BCI rehabilitation training combined with traditional rehabilitation therapy) and a control group (traditional rehabilitation therapy) according to rehabilitation methods. The median rehabilitation cycle of the two groups was 5 days. The motor function of the two groups was assessed by the Fugl-Meyer assessment scale (FMA), and the degree of functional improvement was evaluated by the difference in FMA scores (ΔFMA) between before and after rehabilitation training. Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the differences between groups. Based on the start time of BCI rehabilitation training, the patients of treatment group were divided into a group initiating training within 48 hours of onset and a group initiating training ＞48 hours after onset, and the subgroup analysis of ΔFMA was performed.

The treatment group included 40 patients, and the control group included 21 patients. Before rehabilitation, the FMA upper limb scores of treatment group and control group were 22.00 (14.00, 28.75) and 27.00 (21.50, 31.00), the FMA lower limb scores were 19.00 (16.00, 22.00) and 22.00 (18.50, 25.50), and the total FMA scores were 46.50 (33.25, 61.75) and 64.00 (47.00, 75.50), and the differences were statistically significant (U=288.500, 257.000, 269.000; P=0.046, 0.013, 0.022). At the end of rehabilitation, the total FMA scores of treatment group and control group were 55.00 (40.25, 68.00) and 67.00 (52.50, 77.00), respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (U=303.500, P=0.007). The ΔFMA upper limb scores of treatment group and control group were 1.00 (0, 3.50) and 0 (0, 1.00), the ΔFMA lower limb scores were 3.00 (2.00, 4.00) and 2.00 (1.00, 2.00), and the ΔFMA total scores were 5.00 (3.00, 9.75) and 3.00 (2.00, 4.50), and the differences were statistically significant (U=283.500, 226.000, 249.000; P=0.030, 0.003, 0.009). The results of subgroup analysis showed that the ΔFMA upper limb, wrist joint, hand, lower limb scores and total scores of patients in the rehabilitation training group within 48 hours of onset tended to be higher than those in the rehabilitation training group ＞48 hours of onset, but the differences were not statistically significant (all P＞0.05).

BCI rehabilitation training combined with traditional rehabilitation therapy can quickly improve the short-term motor function of patients with acute cerebral infarction, and ultra-early ( within 48 hours of onset ) starting BCI rehabilitation training may be more beneficial for motor function recovery.

To investigate the clinical and imaging features of different types of acute cerebellar infarction and their possible pathogenetic mechanisms.

A total of 300 patients with acute cerebellar infarction admitted to the Department of Neurology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, between January 2016 and December 2020 were enrolled. According to the extent of the ischemic lesion, they were divided into a territorial infarction (TI) group of 130 cases and a non-territorial infarction (non-TI) group of 170 cases. The clinical and imaging characteristics between the two patient groups were compared. Continuous data were compared using the independent samples t-test or the Mann-Whitney U test, while categorical data were analyzed using the Chi-square test.

No statistically significant intergroup differences were observed in conventional vascular risk factors, including age, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, coronary artery disease, atrial fibrillation, smoking, or alcohol consumption (all P>0.05). The proportion of intracranial vertebral artery stenosis, basilar artery stenosis, and combined vertebral and basilar artery stenosis were relatively high in both groups, without significant between-group differences (all P>0.05). In contrast, the TI cohort exhibited a significantly higher rate of extracranial vertebral artery stenosis than the non-TI cohort (65.38% vs 54.12%, χ²=3.866, P=0.049) and a significantly lower rate of extra-cerebellar infarction (40.00% vs 54.71%, χ²=6.377, P=0.012). Etiological subtyping revealed large-artery atherosclerosis in 116 TI patients, other determined causes in 7, cryptogenic stroke in 5, and cardio-embolism in 2. The distribution of etiological subtypes differed significantly between groups (χ²=22.525, P<0.001). Clinically, the TI group presented with vertigo and headache more frequently than the non-TI group (vertigo: 52.31% vs 28.24%, χ²=17.041, P<0.001; headache: 23.85% vs 10.00%, χ²=10.220, P=0.001). On neurological examination, positive nystagmus and ataxia were also more prevalent in the TI group (nystagmus: 23.08% vs 12.35%, χ²=5.935, P=0.015; ataxia: 39.23% vs 22.35%, χ²=10.229, P=0.006).

Acute territorial and non-territorial cerebellar infarction patients had similar cardiovascular risk factors and similar frequencies of vertebral artery and basilar artery stenosis. For patients with presenting vertigo, headache, nystagmus and ipsilateral limb ataxia on physical examination, cerebellar territorial infarction should be the leading diagnostic consideration, and focus should be placed on identifying evidence of large-artery atherosclerosis and cardiogenic embolism.

To investigate the effects of different scenario-based simulation intervention modes combined with computer-assisted cognitive training (CACT) on cognitive function, risk perception, and medical-seeking intention in older adults with hypertension and mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and to identify the optimal intervention mode.

A randomized controlled trial was adopted. From December 2023 to August 2025, a total of 149 elderly patients with hypertension and MCI [Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) score 18 - 26] were prospectively recruited from the Department of Neurology, Peking University International Hospital. After baseline assessment, in a 1∶1∶1∶1 ratio, the participants were randomly divided into an interactive scenario-based simulation group (group A, n=37), a non-interactive scenario-based simulation group (group B, n=37), a non-relevant scenario-based simulation group (group C, n=37), and a health education control group (group D, n=38). Two interventions were implemented in parallel: (1) scenario-based simulation intervention, consisting of a single 5 – 7-minute animated video administered immediately after baseline (T0) assessment, with follow-up until 3 weeks post-intervention (T3); and (2) CACT administered concurrently for 6 weeks (≥30 minutes per day, ≥7 sessions per week, total duration ≥20 hours). Cognitive function was assessed using the MoCA at T0 and after 6 weeks of CACT (T4). Risk perception was assessed using the Tripartite Risk Perception Scale (TRIRISK) at T0, immediately after the scenario intervention (T1), 1 week post-intervention (T2), and 3 weeks post-intervention (T3). Health behavior intention and medical-seeking intention were also evaluated at the same time points. Paired t-tests and one-way analysis of variance were used to compare differences in cognitive function. Repeated-measures analysis of variance (LSD method) was used to compare changes in risk perception and intention. Binary Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify predictors of medical-seeking intention.

During the intervention period, a total of 5 cases were lost to follow-up, with a total loss-to-follow-up rate of 3.36%. Group A, Group B, and Group C each lost 1 case, while Group D lost 2 cases. Eventually, 36 cases were included in each group for statistical analysis. At T4, the total MoCA scores of patients in all four groups significantly increased compared to T0. The scores of patients in Group A increased from 22.51±2.01 to 25.78±1.71, those in Group B increased from 22.10±2.20 to 25.59±1.82, those in Group C increased from 22.41±2.14 to 25.47±1.91, and those in Group D increased from 22.23±2.34 to 25.68±1.64. The differences were statistically significant (t=7.435, 7.334, 6.401, 7.244, all P＜0.001). However, there was no statistically significant difference in the total MoCA scores among the four groups at T4 (F=0.199, P=0.897). In terms of risk perception, since T1, the total risk perception score of patients in Group A remained consistently higher than those in the other groups. The total score of Group A patients at T3 was 7.42±1.56, which increased by 131.15% compared to the baseline (t=36.617, P＜0.001), and was significantly higher than the total scores of patients in Group B, Group C, and Group D at T3 (6.35±1.48, 4.22±1.65, 4.17±1.59), and the differences were statistically significant (t=2.986, 8.456, 8.754; P=0.004, ＜0.001, ＜0.001). At T3, the compliance rate of health behavior intentions in Group A was 91.67%, and the medical-seeking intention score was 4.68±0.52, which were significantly higher than those of the other three groups. Binary Logistic regression analysis showed that experiential risk perception (OR=1.186, 95%CI: 1.012 - 1.389, P=0.043) and health behavior intentions (OR=1.207, 95%CI: 1.082 - 1.346, P=0.001) were positive predictors of medical-seeking intention.

CACT can significantly improve cognitive function in older patients with hypertension and MCI. Among the concurrently implemented scenario-based simulation interventions, the interactive (individual-participatory) mode is the most effective in enhancing risk perception and health-related intentions.

To explore the effect of a root cause analysis (RCA)-based oral health management program in elderly stroke patients with oral frailty.

Using convenience sampling, 297 elderly stroke patients with oral frailty hospitalized in the Seventh Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital from January to October 2025 were selected as the study subjects. According to the admission time, 140 patients from January to April 2025 were set as the control group, and 157 patients from May to October 2025 were set as the treatment group. The control group received routine oral health management, while the treatment group received an RCA-optimized oral health management program in addition to the basic routine care. Repeated measures ANOVA was employed to compare the differences in oral health literacy, oral health-related quality of life, and chronic disease stigma between the two groups, with effect sizes (Cohen's d) reported.

After 4 weeks of intervention, the total score of the oral health literacy scale in the treatment group was significantly higher than that in the control group (90.73±8.76 vs 79.24±9.12, t=16.543, P＜0.001, Cohen's d=0.82), the total score of the oral health impact scale (29.58±8.62 vs 39.19±9.23, t=-6.543, P＜0.001, Cohen's d=0.98) and the total score of the chronic disease stigma scale (55.44±8.31 vs 69.63±9.21, t=-9.321, P＜0.001, Cohen's d=0.98) in the treatment group were significantly lower than those in the control group; all these differences were statistically significant.

The implementation of an RCA-based oral health management program in elderly stroke patients with oral frailty can significantly improve patients' oral health literacy, enhance oral health-related quality of life, and effectively reduce chronic disease stigma.

To explore the relationship between 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure circadian rhythm and imaging markers in patients with arteriolosclerosis cerebral small vessel disease (aCSVD).

A total of 352 patients with aCSVD who underwent 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring during their hospitalization in the Department of Neurology at Beijing Zhongguancun Hospital from January 1, 2018, to December 31, 2024 were retrospectively included. General clinical data and imaging characteristics of aCSVD were recorded. According to the circadian rhythm of 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure, patients were categorized into three groups: dipper group (n=34), non-dipper group (n=147), and reverse-dipper group (n=171). Analysis of variance, Kruskal-Wallis H test and χ² test were used to compare the differences in general data and imaging features of cerebral small vessel disease among the three groups of patients. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to explore the influence of 24-hour blood pressure circadian rhythm on imaging markers of CSVD.

The age of patients [(76.88±12.03) years vs (70.24±13.40), (72.19±12.44) years, t=-2.885, -3.412; P=0.013, 0.002] and the proportion of grade 3 hypertension (67.3% vs 41.2%, 46.9%, χ²=8.266, 13.377; P=0.004, 0.001) in the reverse-dipper group were significantly higher than those in the dipper and non-dipper groups. The duration of hypertension history [10 (5, 20) years vs 10 (1, 20) years, Z=-2.562, P=0.010] and the use of β-blockers (23.5% vs 10.9%, χ²=8.666, P=0.003) in the reverse-dipper group were significantly greater compared to those in the non-dipper group. The severity of white matter hyperintensities (periventricular and deep white matter) and perivascular spaces in the basal ganglia in the reverse-dipper group was significantly greater than those in the dipper and non-dipper groups (all P<0.05). The proportion of cerebral microbleeds (25.1% vs 8.8%) in the reverse-dipper group was significantly higher than that in the dipper group (χ²=4.432, P=0.037). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that reverse-dipper blood pressure (OR_DWMH=2.36, 95%CI: 1.13-4.95, P=0.023; OR_PVWH=3.97, 95%CI: 1.90-8.30, P=0.001; OR_BG-PVS=2.12, 95%CI: 1.02-4.37, P=0.042) were independent risk factors for deep white matter hyperintensities, periventricular white matter hyperintensities, and perivascular spaces in the basal ganglia.

24-hour blood pressure circadian rhythms are associated with imaging markers of aCSVD, and reverse-dipper patterns may significantly increase the risk of white matter hyperintensities and basal ganglia perivascular spaces.

To explore the efficacy of head and neck CT angiography (CTA) combined with cranial CT perfusion imaging (CTP) in the short-term prognosis of patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS).

A total of 112 AIS patients from January 2022 to March 2024 at Xuzhou First People's Hospital were included. According to the modified Rankin scale (mRS) score 3 months after treatment, they were divided into a good prognosis group of 79 cases (mRS score ≤2) and a poor prognosis group of 33 cases (mRS score ＞2). Baseline data of all patients was collected. The characteristics of CTA and CTP were compared between the two groups using the Chi-square test and t-test. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze the diagnostic value of the two and their combination for the short-term prognosis of AIS patients.

The patients in the good prognosis group showed significantly higher proportions of mild cerebral vascular stenosis (20.25% vs 9.09%, χ²=14.961, P=0.002), cerebral blood flow [CBF; (14.47±4.31) mL/(100 g·min) vs (8.39±2.66) mL/(100 g·min), t=7.516, P<0.001], cerebral blood volume [CBV; (15.81±3.62) mL/100 g vs (7.24±2.59) mL/100 g, t=12.331, P<0.001], and mean transit time [MTT; (16.97±3.38) s vs (15.02±2.14) s, t=3.063, P=0.003] compared to those in the poor prognosis group. Conversely, the stenosis degree of the most narrowed vessel in the good prognosis group was significantly lower than that in the poor prognosis group, with statistically significant difference [(57.91±4.88)% vs (63.84±3.76)%, t=6.243, P＜0.001]. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that cerebral vascular stenosis/occlusion (OR=6.122, 95%CI: 1.718 - 21.819), the stenosis degree of the narrowest vessel (OR=1.423, 95%CI: 1.228 - 1.648), and CBF (OR=0.454, 95%CI: 0.248 - 0.830), CBV (OR=0.155, 95%CI: 0.038 - 0.629), and MTT (OR=0.742, 95%CI: 0.606 - 0.909) were all influencing factors for the poor short-term prognosis of AIS patients (all P＜0.05). The area under the ROC curve of head and neck CTA combined with cranial CTP for poor short-term prognosis in AIS patients was 0.907, with a sensitivity of 89.70% and a specificity of 95.50%.

The combined detection of head and neck CTA and cranial CTP in the skull can be used to evaluate the short-term prognosis of AIS patients and has certain predictive efficacy.

To investigate the incidence and influencing factors of nutritional risk in hospitalized patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS).

Patients with AIS admitted to the Neurology Department of Changying Campus, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University from August 1, 2024, to July 31, 2025, were retrospectively included. Nutritional status was assessed using the Controlling Nutritional Status Index (CONUT) score, the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI), and the Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI). The incidence of nutritional risk in AIS patients was calculated, and multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the related influencing factors.

A total of 691 AIS patients were included. The incidence of nutritional risk assessed by CONUT score, GNRI score, and PNI score was 53.26%, 12.45%, and 2.17%, respectively. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis based on CONUT score showed that age (OR=1.031, 95%CI: 1.014 – 1.048), history of coronary heart disease (OR=1.934, 95%CI: 1.243 – 3.007), and renal insufficiency (OR=2.123, 95%CI: 1.038 – 4.342) may increase nutritional risk upon admission in AIS patients. According to the GNRI score, multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that renal insufficiency (OR=73.631, 95%CI: 21.675 – 250.126) may increase nutritional risk upon admission in AIS patients, while body mass index (BMI; OR=0.491, 95%CI: 0.413 – 0.583) may be a protective factor.

Age, history of coronary heart disease, and renal insufficiency are risk factors for nutritional risk upon admission in AIS patients, while BMI is a protective factor.

To analyze the relationship between serum lipoprotein (a) [LP (a)], apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein A1 ratio (ApoB/ApoA1), and the prognosis of acute cerebral infarction (ACI) treated with intravenous thrombolysis with alteplase (rt-PA).

A retrospective study was conducted to collect detailed clinical data of 122 patients with ACI who received rt-PA intravenous thrombolysis treatment in the Neurology Department of Beijing Shunyi Hospital from August 2023 to January 2024. Follow-up data of patients after thrombolysis was also queried. The prognosis was evaluated according to the modified Rankin scale (mRS) score at 1 month after thrombolysis. They were divided into poor prognosis group (51 cases, mRS score>2 points) and good prognosis group (71 cases, mRS score≤2 points). The clinical data, cystatin C (Cys C), serum LP (a) level and ApoB/ApoA1 value on the next day after thrombolysis were compared between the two groups. The restricted cubic spline model (RCS) was used to analyze the relationship between serum LP (a) level, ApoB/ApoA1 level and prognosis, and the nomogram and decision curve were drawn to evaluate the predictive value of the two for poor prognosis.

The clinical data comparison on the day after thrombolysis showed that the ApoA1 level in the poor prognosis group was lower than that in the good prognosis group [(0.90 ± 0.28) g/L vs (1.18 ± 0.26) g/L, t=5.731, P<0.001], while the levels of Cys C serum LP (a), and ApoB/ApoA1 were higher than those in the good prognosis group [(1.18±0.42) mg/L vs (0.81±0.34) mg/L, t=5.459, P<0.001; (409.12±56.30) mg/L vs (365.35±48.12) mg/L, t=4.496, P<0.001; 1.26±0.41 vs 0.90±0.28, t=5.419, P<0.001], and the differences were statistically significant. RCS analysis showed a non-linear dose-response relationship between serum LP (a) levels, ApoB/ApoA1, and the prognosis of rt-PA intravenous thrombolysis in ACI patients (all P<0.05). When serum LP (a) >368.25 mg/L, ApoB/ApoA 1>0.91, respectively, the risk of poor prognosis of rt-PA in ACI patients increased with the index level. There was a positive interaction between serum LP (a) and ApoB/ApoA1 on the prognosis of ACI patients treated with rt-PA intravenous thrombolysis the day after thrombolysis. When both were abnormally elevated, the risk of poor prognosis was 28.000 times higher than when both were low. The results of nomogram showed that the risk model discrimination of predicting the prognosis of ACI patients with rt-PA intravenous thrombolysis using serum LP (a) and ApoB/ApoA1 as auxiliary indicators on the day after thrombolysis was good, with a C-index of 0.918 (95% CI: 0.866 - 0.971). The decision curve showed that the net benefit rate of serum LP (a), ApoB/ApoA1 combined with Cys C, and ApoA1 on the day after thrombolysis was higher compared to the application of each indicator alone (the maximum net benefit rate of the combination was 0.418).

Serum LP (a) and ApoB/ApoA1 are associated with the prognosis of ACI patients undergoing rt-PA intravenous thrombolysis. Abnormally high expression of serum LP (a) and ApoB/ApoA1 the day after thrombolysis suggests a higher risk of poor clinical prognosis.

To investigate the role of dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1), a mitochondrial fission protein, on neuronal PANoptosis in oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) and reoxygenation (OGD/R) models.

SH-SY5Y cells were cultured in vitro, and OGD and OGD/R models were established. The optimal concentration of the Drp1 inhibitor Mdivi-1 was determined by CCK-8 assay. Cells were divided into control group, OGD group, OGD/R group, OGD+Mdivi-1 group, OGD/R+Mdivi-1 group, OGD/R-2 h+Mdivi-1 group, and OGD/R-4 h+Mdivi-1 group. Mdivi-1 (10 μmol/L) was administered at the beginning of OGD and OGD/R models, and at 2 h and 4 h after reoxygenation of OGD/R, respectively. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) were detected using DCFH-DA and Mito-SOX methods. Mitochondrial membrane potential was measured by JC-1 assay. Western blotting was used to detect the expression of mitochondrial fission-related proteins [phosphorylated dynamin-related protein 1 (p-Drp1), mitochondrial fission protein 1 (Fis1), and mitochondrial fission factor (Mff)] and PANoptosis-related proteins [apoptosis: B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax), cleaved cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase 3 (cleaved caspase-3); pyroptosis: NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3), N-terminal Gasdermin D (GSDMD-N); necroptosis: receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3), phosphorylated mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (p-MLKL)]. When comparing two groups of data, the independent samples t-test was used if the data were normally distributed and had homogeneity of variance; otherwise, nonparametric test (Mann-Whitney U) was applied. Differences among more than two groups were compared using one-way ANOVA, with LSD-t or Dunnett's T3 test for pairwise comparisons.

Compared with the control group, both OGD/R and OGD injuries significantly induced excessive mitochondrial fission, triggered mitochondrial dysfunction, and concurrently activated apoptotic, pyroptotic, and necroptotic pathways. The relative expression levels of mitochondrial fission and PANoptosis-related proteins induced by OGD (GSDMD-N: 2.70±0.38 vs 2.12±0.26, t=3.761, P=0.044; p-MLKL: 2.83±0.72 vs 1.76±0.20, t=5.049, P=0.009; p-Drp1/Drp1: 4.54±0.94 vs 2.53±0.47, t=3.821, P=0.024; Mff: 1.80±0.14 vs 1.37±0.10, t=5.181, P=0.011) were significantly higher than those in OGD/R. 10 μmol/L Mdivi-1 increased cell viabilities in OGD [(66.79±6.54)% vs (48.60±4.66)%, t=4.527, P=0.025], OGD/R [(76.68±6.55)% vs (59.96±5.18)%, t=3.008, P=0.030], OGD/R-2 h [(86.17±8.95)% vs (59.33±6.90)%, t=4.747, P=0.016], and OGD/R-4 h [(93.91±7.28)% vs (59.33±6.90)%, t=6.892, P=0.001] groups, with statistically significant differences. Intervention with 10 μmol/L Mdivi-1 effectively inhibited excessive mitochondrial fission in both OGD/R and OGD models, and significantly downregulated the expression of key proteins in the pathway.

In OGD and OGD/R models, Drp1-mediated excessive mitochondrial fission is a common critical mechanism inducing neuronal PANoptosis. Inhibiting Drp1 significantly improves mitochondrial function and suppresses the occurrence of neuronal PANoptosis.

To investigate the safety and efficacy of intrathecal injection urokinase (UK) compared with conventional treatment for subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).

Through systematic searches of databases including CNKI, VIP, Wanfang, China Biology Medicine disc (CBMdisc), PubMed, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and The Cochrane Library, covering the period from database inception to March 15, 2025, we identified patients definitively diagnosed with SAH. Eligible randomized controlled trials randomized controlled trial (RCT) meeting inclusion criteria were assessed for quality, had data extracted, and underwent analysis using Review Manager 5.4.1.

The study included seven RCT publications, with 1107 patients enrolled. Systematic review results demonstrated that compared with conventional treatment, intrathecal injection UK for SAH can significantly reduce the risk of rebleeding [relative risk (RR)=0.57, 95%CI: 0.41 - 0.80, P=0.001], cerebral vasospasm (RR=0.25, 95%CI: 0.17 - 0.35, P<0.001) and hydrocephalus (RR=0.38, 95%CI: 0.20 - 0.73, P=0.003), while better functional outcomes were achieved (RR=1.45, 95%CI: 1.23 - 1.70, P<0.001).

Compared with conventional treatment, intrathecal injection UK for SAH was shown to be safe and effective, though its efficacy remained to be prospectively validated by RCT.

To investigate the practical role of artificial intelligence (AI) in cultivating interdisciplinary talents within medical engineering, as well as students' attitudes toward the integration of AI into medical education.

A questionnaire survey was conducted among third-year undergraduate students majoring in Medical Engineering at Beihang University, using Wenjuanxing. The survey covered aspects including AI usage, cognitive evaluation, and attitudes toward associated risks. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were performed on the collected count data to examine patterns and relationships.

50.9% of students reported no prior use of AI tools specifically designed for medical education. However, most students perceived AI as beneficial for supporting theoretical learning (86.0%), enhancing learning efficiency (70.2%), broadening access to learning resources (63.2%), and improving practical skills (43.9%). High appreciation was expressed for timely feedback (71.9%), although only 56.1% considered AI-generated content to be accurate. Overall satisfaction with current AI tools stood at 70.2%. Regarding instructional models, 61.4% favored a balanced integration of AI and traditional teaching methods; 45.6% believed AI could replace only certain teaching tasks, while 33.3% viewed it capable of assuming most instructional responsibilities. Furthermore, 64.9% supported institutional adoption of high-quality AI educational tools. Key concerns included potential privacy breaches (45.6%), inaccurate content delivery (45.6%), and potential impairment of independent critical thinking abilities (56.1%).

The auxiliary teaching value of AI has been widely acknowledged. It is suggested to enhance the professional suitability and integration depth of AI educational tools.

Ferroptosis is a type of programmed cell death characterized by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation accumulation, playing a significant role in the development of ischemic stroke (IS) and cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Traditional Chinese medicine can intervene in the ferroptosis process by regulating key mechanisms such as iron metabolism imbalance, abnormal lipid peroxidation accumulation, and the antioxidant defense system, thereby exerting neuroprotective effects. This article reviews the primary mechanisms of ferroptosis in IS and the research progress of traditional Chinese medicine interventions, aiming to provide new research insights for the prevention and treatment of IS.

This article systematically reviews the concept of brain-heart health managers and explores their practice in the health management of stroke patients. Through in-depth analysis of the workflow and mode of the brain-heart health manager, it aims to provide theoretical basis and practical experience for establishing the specific work responsibilities of the profession and constructing effective management strategies, thus providing optimized solutions for the prevention and treatment of stroke in China.