Ischemic anoxic encephalopathy is the main cause of death after cardiac arrest. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation has significantly reduced mortality in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, albeit only a small part of patients with favorable neurological outcomes. It’s still a difficult clinical problem to predict the neurological outcome of patients with post-cardiac arrest syndrome after cardiopulmonary resuscitation. In this article, we reviews the advance in predicting neurological outcome of patients with post-cardiac arrest syndrome after cardiopulmonary resuscitation by clinical physical examination, serum biomarkers, electroencephalogram, cerebral oxygen monitoring, neurological imaging, transcranial Doppler ultrasound and other common assessment methods.