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Chinese Journal of Cerebrovascular Diseases(Electronic Edition) ›› 2025, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (06): 503-510. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1673-9248.2025.06.008

• Clinical Research • Previous Articles    

Risk factors for early progression in patients with acute large vessel occlusion mild stroke and the clinical efficacy of rescue endovascular treatment

Chang Chai, Ding'an Li, Jin Jiang, Yanhua Xue, Heng Wang()   

  1. Department of Neurology, Hanzhong Central Hospital, Hanzhong 723000, China
  • Received:2025-07-25 Online:2025-12-01 Published:2026-01-13
  • Contact: Heng Wang

Abstract:

Objective

To explore the risk factors for early progression in patients with anterior circulation acute large vessel occlusion mild stroke (ALVO-MIS), and to evaluate the efficacy and safety of rescue endovascular treatment (REVT) after progression.

Methods

Patients with ALVO-MIS admitted to the Department of Neurology, Hanzhong Central Hospital from October 2020 to March 2024 were enrolled retrospectively. Demographic data, vascular risk factors, laboratory findings, clinical data, and 90-day outcomes were collected. The incidence of early progression in all ALVO-MIS patients was observed. Patients were categorized into a progression group (an increase of ≥4 points in the National Institutes of Health stroke scale [NIHSS] score within 3 days after optimal medical therapy, n=68) and a non-progression group (n=93). Multivariate Logistic regression were used to identify the influencing factors for early progression. According to the treatment method after early progression, patients with progression were further divided into a REVT group (n=35) and a medical therapy group (n=33). The proportion of favorable functional outcome [modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score 0-2], excellent functional outcome (mRS score 0-1), symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH), and mortality were further compared between the two groups by Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test.

Results

Among 161 enrolled patients, 68 (42.2%) experienced early progression. Univariate analysis showed significant differences in D-dimer [(0.9±0.5) mg/L vs (0.7±0.5) mg/L], right lesion [58.8% (40/68) vs 38.7% (36/93)], diabetes mellitus [47.1% (32/68) vs 25.8% (24/93)] and M1 segment occlusion of middle cerebral artery [75.0% (51/68) vs 49.5% (46/93)] between the progressive group and the non-progressive group (t=2.507, χ2=6.376, 7.821, 9.656; P=0.013, 0.012, 0.005, 0.002 ). Multivariate regression analysis identified that diabetes (OR=4.550, 95% CI: 2.499-8.588, P=0.011) and middle cerebral artery M1 segment occlusion (OR=8.545, 95% CI: 4.708-15.500, P=0.001) as risk factors for early progression in patients with minor ischemic stroke due to anterior circulation acute large vessel occlusion. Among the 68 patients with early progression, 35 (51.5%) received REVT and 33 (48.5%) received medical treatment. Compared with the medical therapy group, the REVT group had significantly higher rates of favorable (54.3% vs 27.3%, χ2=5.117, P=0.024) and excellent (40.0% vs 9.1%, χ2=8.655, P=0.003) functional outcomes at 90 days. There were no significant differences in sICH after onset or 90-day mortality (5.7% vs 0, P=0.024; 8.6% vs 9.1%, χ2=0.124, P=0.724).

Conclusion

Early progression is common in ALVO-MIS patients. Diabetes and MCA M1 segment occlusion are independent risk factors. REVT may be a safe and effective treatment option following early progression.

Key words: Mild stroke, Disease severity index, Intravascular treatment, Risk factors

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