Minor ischemic stroke accounts for about one-third of ischemic cerebrovascular diseases. Minor ischemic stroke is often considered as a disease with mild symptoms, rapid recovery, and good outcomes. Therefore, it can be easily overlooked by the public. Domestic and international studies have shown stroke with high recurrence and high disability. In order to better understand minor ischemic stroke, we reviewed the scientific progress in its definition, etiology and risk factors, etiology classification and pathophysiological mechanism, diagnosis, and especially treatment.