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Chinese Journal of Cerebrovascular Diseases(Electronic Edition) ›› 2026, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (05): 473-484. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1673-9248.2026.05.001

• Expert Forum •    

Multidimensional functional rehabilitation for intracerebral hemorrhage: current clinical practice and systematic management

Kaiwen Wang1, Yinghe Feng2, Qingyuan Liu2, Shuo Wang2,†()   

  1. 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
    2 Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
  • Received:2026-06-02 Online:2026-10-01 Published:2026-10-27
  • Contact: Shuo Wang

Abstract:

More than 70% of patients who survive the acute phase of intracerebral hemorrhage continue to experience impairments in consciousness, motor function, cognition, speech, or swallowing. Following acute treatment, rehabilitation practice is often affected by inconsistent timing of initiation, non-uniform assessment standards, poor coordination between inpatient and post-discharge care, and regional disparities in rehabilitation resources, all of which may hinder long-term functional recovery. Rehabilitation for intracerebral hemorrhage should not be limited solely to short-term training following hospital discharge; instead, patients' functional impairments should be assessed from multiple perspectives, with continuous management throughout the acute, subacute, and chronic phases. Clinical decisions should be based on high-quality evidence, supported by multidisciplinary teamwork, and care should be delivered through an integrated system linking hospitals, rehabilitation centers, communities, and patients' homes, so as to avoid interruptions in rehabilitation after discharge. Neuromodulation may serve as an adjunct to conventional rehabilitation, but patient selection, timing of initiation, and safety limits should be determined according to hematoma resolution, postoperative status, seizure risk, and the stability of vital signs. Based on randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews, and clinical guidelines on rehabilitation after intracerebral hemorrhage published between 2019 and 2025, this article reviews advances in post-acute functional recovery, neuromodulation, and continuous rehabilitation management and integrates them into a multidimensional functional rehabilitation approach. Since most of the available evidence comes from patients with ischemic stroke or mixed stroke populations, further prospective studies are needed to determine the effectiveness of this approach specifically in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage

Key words: Intracerebral hemorrhage, Multidimensional functional rehabilitation, Neuromodulation, Multidisciplinary team, Rehabilitation management

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