分析天津市社区居民缺血性脑卒中的患病率及其危险因素的暴露情况。

本研究以社区为单位，采取整群抽样的方法，抽取2013年11月至2015年12月天津市某社区40岁及以上常住居民进行流行病学调查，收集所有纳入研究人群的人口学信息、缺血性脑卒中患病率、高危人群颈部血管超声检查等的相关资料。采用χ²检验比较男女人群间脑卒中危险因素的差异。

本研究共纳入41 058名天津市常住居民，其中共有1203例患者患有缺血性脑卒中，患病率为2.93%（1203/41 058），经性别及年龄标准化后患病率为2.51%。在天津市社区居民中，高血压、心房颤动、糖尿病、血脂异常的检出率分别为24.94%、2.23%、9.79%、5.67%，吸烟、缺乏运动、体质量指数＞25 kg/m²的人分别占比19.91%、28.64%、28.32%，8.80%的人有脑卒中家族史；吸烟检出率男性明显高于女性（32.41% vs 9.22%），女性的高血压、血脂异常、缺乏运动、超重的检出率高于男性（25.93% vs 23.79%；30.32% vs 26.27%；30.58% vs 25.89%；29.46% vs 26.79%），差异均具有统计学意义（χ²=5036.493、6.984、312.794、980.215、40.738；P＜0.001、=0.009、＜0.001、＜0.001、=0.001）。在高危人群颈部血管超声检查中，共有1369人（70.86%，1369/1932）颈部血管超声检查异常，最常见的为颈动脉球部斑块形成，占斑块形成总人数的64.73%（723/1117）。

天津市常住居民缺血性脑卒中患病率较高，且存在危险因素分布差异；同时在天津市脑卒中高危人群中，多数合并有颈部血管异常，以球部粥样硬化斑块最为常见。

To investigate the prevalence of ischemic stroke and individual exposure to risk factors in the community residents of Tianjin.

Taking one community as one unit, the study employed cluster sampling to select the permanent residents over 40 years old in Tianjin from November 2013 to December 2015, and collected the demography and the prevalence of ischemic stroke in all participants, as well as the neck vascular ultrasound evaluation of high-risk population and other relevant data. χ² test was used to compare the risk factors of stroke between genders.

A total of 41 058 permanent residents in Tianjin were included in this study. A total of 1203 patients suffered from ischemic stroke, with the prevalence of 2.93% (1203/41 058) and the prevalence of 2.51% after gender and age adjustment . Among Tianjin community residents, the detection rates of hypertension, atrial fibrillation, diabetes, and dyslipidemia were 24.94%, 2.23%, 9.79%, and 5.67%, respectively. Smoking, lack of exercise, and body mass index ＞ 25 kg/m² were present in 19.91%, 28.64%, 28.32% of included participants, respectively. 8.80% of the participants had a family history of stroke. The detection rate of smoking in male was significantly higher than that in female (32.41% vs 9.22%), the detection rates of hypertension, dyslipidemia, inactivity and overweight in women were higher than those in men (25.93% vs 23.79%, 30.32% vs 26.27%, 30.58% vs 25.89%, 29.46% vs 26.79%), and the differences were statistically significant (χ²=5036.493, 6.984, 312.794, 980.215, 40.738; P＜0.001, =0.009, ＜0.001, ＜0.001, =0.001). In the cervical vascular ultrasound evaluation of high-risk groups, a total of 1369 patients (70.86%, 1369/1932) had abnormal cervical vascular ultrasound evaluation, and the most common was carotid bulb plaque formation, accounting for 64.73% (723/1117) of the total count of plaque formation.

The prevalence of ischemic stroke in Tianjin residents was high and the distribution of risk factors was diverse. In the high-risk population of stroke in Tianjin, most of them were present with cervical vascular abnormalities, among which carotid bulbar atherosclerotic plaques were the most common.