脑出血严重威胁人类健康，丘脑出血为最严重的幕上脑出血类型，致死致残率极高。丘脑出血破入脑室引起梗阻性脑积水是患者预后的独立预测因子。手术治疗丘脑出血的疗效尚存争议。但近年随着神经内镜技术的发展，越来越多的研究肯定了内镜在丘脑出血破入脑室治疗中的潜在优势，其血肿清除率可达90%以上。结合近年神经内镜治疗丘脑出血破入脑室的相关研究发现，神经内镜微侵袭手术治疗丘脑出血破入脑室是安全有效的。根据出血类型和血肿的大小优化手术入路，可以提高血肿清除率和减少分流依赖性脑积水等并发症的发生。

Intracerebral hemorrhage posts a serious threat to human health. Thalamic hemorrhage bears the worst outcome among supratentorial intracerebral hemorrhage with a high rate of mortality and disability. Obstructive hydrocephalus caused by thalamic hemorrhage breaking into the ventricles is an independent predictor of prognosis. The efficacy of surgical treatment for thalamic hemorrhage is still controversial. However, with the development of neuroendoscopy in recent years, more and more studies have confirmed the potential advantages of endoscopy in the treatment of thalamic hemorrhage breaking into the ventricles, and the clearance rate of hematoma can reach more than 90%. Combined with the relevant studies in recent years, we found that neuroendoscopic microinvasive surgery is safe and effective in the treatment of thalamic hemorrhage breaking into the ventricles. Optimizing surgical approach according to the type of hemorrhage and the size of hematoma could improve the hematoma clearance rate and reduce the incidence of shunt-dependent hydrocephalus and other complications.