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中华脑血管病杂志(电子版) ›› 2024, Vol. 18 ›› Issue (04) : 295 -300. doi: 10.11817/j.issn.1673-9248.2024.04.001

论著

非出血型脑淀粉样血管病的认知特征——来自北京协和医院痴呆队列的数据
董立羚1, 王添艺1, 毛晨晖1, 姜宇涵1, 尚丽1, 包嘉璐1, 仇宇悦1, 褚珊珊1, 金蔚1, 倪俊1,(), 高晶1,()   
  1. 1. 100730 中国医学科学院 北京协和医学院 北京协和医院神经科 疑难重症及罕见病重点实验室
  • 收稿日期:2024-06-03 出版日期:2024-08-01
  • 通信作者: 倪俊, 高晶
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划(2016YFC1306300); 国家自然科学基金(30470618); 中国医学科学院医学与健康科技创新工程(2021-1-I2M-1-020); 衰老相关神经系统疾病诊疗关键技术研究(LY22D0070003828)

Cognitive characteristics of non-hemorrhagic cerebral amyloid angiopathy--Data from PUMCH dementia cohort

Liling Dong1, Tianyi Wang1, Chenhui Mao1, Yuhan Jiang1, Li Shang1, Jialu Bao1, Yuyue Qiu1, Shanshan Chu1, Wei Jin1, Jun Ni1,(), Jing Gao1,()   

  1. 1. Department of Neurology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
  • Received:2024-06-03 Published:2024-08-01
  • Corresponding author: Jun Ni, Jing Gao
引用本文:

董立羚, 王添艺, 毛晨晖, 姜宇涵, 尚丽, 包嘉璐, 仇宇悦, 褚珊珊, 金蔚, 倪俊, 高晶. 非出血型脑淀粉样血管病的认知特征——来自北京协和医院痴呆队列的数据[J]. 中华脑血管病杂志(电子版), 2024, 18(04): 295-300.

Liling Dong, Tianyi Wang, Chenhui Mao, Yuhan Jiang, Li Shang, Jialu Bao, Yuyue Qiu, Shanshan Chu, Wei Jin, Jun Ni, Jing Gao. Cognitive characteristics of non-hemorrhagic cerebral amyloid angiopathy--Data from PUMCH dementia cohort[J]. Chinese Journal of Cerebrovascular Diseases(Electronic Edition), 2024, 18(04): 295-300.

目的

探索以认知障碍为主要表现的非出血型脑淀粉样血管病(CAA)患者的认知特征,以指导临床认知训练。

方法

所有研究对象来自2007—2023年北京协和医院痴呆队列,完成病史采集、头颅MRI、认知评价、血液生化检查和基因测序。所有患者符合很可能CAA诊断标准,且无症状性脑出血病史。认知测评包括认知筛查和认知域测试,认知筛查包括简易智力状态检查量表(MMSE)、日常生活活动能力量表等;认知域测试涉及视空间、记忆、执行、推理计算和语言5个认知域。根据MMSE分数,将研究对象分成MMSE>20分(轻度认知障碍)亚组和10分<MMSE≤20分(中度认知障碍)亚组,采用方差分析比较2组内记忆认知域中听觉词语学习测验(AVLT)子项目(AVLT1-3)的差异。

结果

本研究共纳入34例CAA患者。男性12例,女性22例,年龄为(74.0±7.1)岁。记忆障碍和执行障碍最为突出,分别见于97.1%(33/34)和73.5%(25/34)的患者;其次为语言、视空间和推理计算障碍,分别见于38.2%(13/34)、35.3%(12/34)和5.9%(2/34)的患者。在MMSE>20分(n=20)和10分<MMSE≤20分(n=14)亚组中,AVLT1、AVLT2和AVLT3均存在显著上升趋势[(2.40±1.10)分 vs (4.10±1.92)分 vs (4.90±2.00)分,F=11.034,P<0.001;(1.64±0.84 )分vs (2.21±1.48)分 vs (3.36±1.95)分,F=4.793,P=0.014]。

结论

非出血型CAA患者以记忆和执行功能障碍为主要表现。轻、中度认知障碍(MMSE>10分)的CAA患者推理计算和学习能力相对保留,在临床工作中,可以利用这些保留的认知能力,对他们进行认知训练,以延缓其认知功能下降。

Objective

To explore the cognitive characteristics of non-hemorrhagic cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) patients with cognitive impairment, in order to guide clinical cognitive training.

Methods

All the participants were from the dementia cohort of Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH) between 2007 and 2023. They all underwent history inquiry, brain MRI, cognitive evaluation, blood biochemical test, gene sequencing, and met the diagnostic criteria for probable CAA. None of them had a history of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage. Cognitive evaluation included the mini-mental state exam (MMSE), activities of daily life, as well as cognitive domain assessments (including visuospatial, memory, executive, reasoning and linguistic domains). According to the MMSE scores, the subjects were divided into two subgroups: one with MMSE scores greater than 20, and another with MMSE scores between 10 and 20, inclusive. Analysis of variance was used to compare the three immediate memory items of auditory verbal learning test (AVLT) between the two groups.

Results

A total of 34 patients with CAA were enrolled, including 12 males and 22 females with a mean age of (74.0±7.1) years. Memory and executive disorders were the most prominent, occurring in 97.1% (33/34) and 73.5% (25/34) subjects. Linguistic, visuospatial, and reasoning dysfunctions were observed in 38.2% (13/34), 35.3% (12/34), and 5.9% (2/34) of subjects, respectively. Among the MMSE>20 (n=20) and 10<MMSE≤20 (n=14) subgroups, AVLT1, AVLT2, and AVLT3 demonstrated a significantly increasing trend [(2.40±1.10) vs (4.10±1.92) vs (4.90±2.00), F=11.034, P <0.001; (1.64±0.84) vs (2.21±1.48) vs (3.36±1.95), F=4.793, P=0.017].

Conclusion

The non-hemorrhagic CAA patients are mainly characterized by memory and executive dysfunction. Those with mild-to-moderate cognitive impairment, as indicated by MMSE scores greater than 10, have relatively preserved reasoning and learning abilities. In clinical practice, we can leverage these reserved cognitive abilities to provide them cognitive training, with the aim of delaying their cognitive decline.

表1 脑淀粉样血管病患者认知域单项测试
认知域 整体(n=34) MMSE>20分组(n=20) MMSE≤20分组(n=14) 统计值 P
临摹# -1.11±2.24 -0.47±1.33 -2.03±2.93 t=1.864 0.080
积木# -5.39±3.01 -4.49±3.20 -6.68±2.24 t=2.206 0.035
Rey图形临摹# -0.72±2.30 -0.71±2.44 -0.73±2.18 t=0.018 0.985
Rey图形回忆# -3.35±2.42 -2.52±2.34 -4.53±2.08 t=2.579 0.015
AVLT-I# -1.57±1.02 -1.19±1.00 -2.10±0.83 t=2.790 0.009
AVLT4# -2.29±1.06 -2.05±1.25 -2.64±0.58 t=1.656 0.107
AVLT5# -2.05±0.97 -1.89±1.18 -2.28±0.50 t=1.157 0.256
AVLT-T# -2.03±1.02 -1.72±1.13 -2.48±0.64 t=2.251 0.031
AVLT6(分, 1.09±1.99 1.70±2.40 0.21±0.43 t=2.699 0.014
AVLT7(分, 15.26±6.02 16.20±5.85 13.93±6.22 t=1.086 0.285
情景记忆# -1.79±0.73 -1.51±0.78 -2.20±0.42 t=3.361 0.002
联想学习# -2.57±0.53 -2.47±0.53 -2.72±0.52 t=1.398 0.172
列名# -0.83±1.00 -0.48±0.89 -1.33±0.96 t=2.685 0.011
数字符号# -0.11±0.69 0.05±0.67 -0.35±0.67 t=1.744 0.091
连线测验A# -4.29±4.14 -2.97±2.48 -6.19±5.27 t=2.131 0.048
相似性# -0.23±0.76 -0.16±0.80 -0.34±0.71 t=0.682 0.500
计算# -1.41±0.87 -1.19±0.95 -1.73±0.65 t=1.822 0.078
非流利语言[例(%)] 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) - -
复述障碍[例(%)] 16(47.1) 9(45.0) 7(50.0) χ2=0.083 1.000
命名障碍[例(%)] 6(17.6) 1(5.0) 5(35.7) χ2=5.346 0.061
听指令执行障碍[例(%)] 14(41.2) 6(30.0) 8(57.1) χ2=2.505 0.163
颜色命名障碍[例(%)] 3(8.8) 0(0) 3(21.4) χ2=4.700 0.061
表2 脑淀粉样血管病患者MMSE>20分和MMSE≤20分亚组中AVLT1-3评分比较(分,
表3 脑淀粉样血管病患者认知域综合评价[例(%)]
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