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中华脑血管病杂志(电子版) ›› 2026, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (01) : 50 -56. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1673-9248.2026.01.007

临床研究

老年脑小血管病患者症状性急性皮质下脑微梗死的临床及影像学特征
崔明愚1, 李小刚2,(), 刘欣1,(), 王丽娟1, 刘荧1   
  1. 1 100190 北京市中关村医院神经内科
    2 100191 北京大学第三医院神经内科
  • 收稿日期:2025-10-06 出版日期:2026-02-01
  • 通信作者: 李小刚, 刘欣
  • 基金资助:
    首都卫生发展科研专项基金(2022-3-7041); 北京市中关村医院科研培育专项基金(Y202211)

Clinical and imaging features of symptomatic acute subcortical cerebral microinfarcts in elderly patients with cerebral small vessel disease

Mingyu Cui1, Xiaogang Li2,(), Xin Liu1,(), Lijuan Wang1, Ying Liu1   

  1. 1 Department of Neurology, Beijing Zhongguancun Hospital, Beijing 100190, China
    2 Department of Neurology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
  • Received:2025-10-06 Published:2026-02-01
  • Corresponding author: Xiaogang Li, Xin Liu
引用本文:

崔明愚, 李小刚, 刘欣, 王丽娟, 刘荧. 老年脑小血管病患者症状性急性皮质下脑微梗死的临床及影像学特征[J/OL]. 中华脑血管病杂志(电子版), 2026, 20(01): 50-56.

Mingyu Cui, Xiaogang Li, Xin Liu, Lijuan Wang, Ying Liu. Clinical and imaging features of symptomatic acute subcortical cerebral microinfarcts in elderly patients with cerebral small vessel disease[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Cerebrovascular Diseases(Electronic Edition), 2026, 20(01): 50-56.

目的

探究老年脑小血管病(CSVD)患者症状性急性皮质下脑微梗死(AS-CMI)的临床及影像学特征。

方法

回顾性收集2019年9月至2025年2月北京市中关村医院神经内科住院的近期皮质下小梗死(RSSI)患者240例,依据病灶直径将患者分为AS-CMI组(直径<5 mm)19例和较大直径RSSI组(直径≥5 mm且<20 mm)221例。收集2组患者的临床资料[如美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分、简易精神状态检查量表(MMSE)评分、蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA)评分]以及头颅磁共振成像特征[如脑白质高信号(WMH)、腔隙、血管周围间隙等]。采用t检验、Wilcoxon秩和检验和χ2检验比较2组患者临床及影像学资料的差异,通过多因素二元Logistic回归分析确定AS-CMI的独立危险因素。

结果

与较大直径RSSI组患者比较,AS-CMI组患者的MMSE评分[24(20,26)分 vs 26(23,28)分]和MoCA评分[16(13,22)分 vs 20(15,23)分]均明显降低,差异均有统计学意义(Z=2.226、2.105,P=0.026、0.035)。与较大直径RSSI组患者比较,AS-CMI组患者的侧脑室旁WMH[2(1,3)分 vs 1(0,2)分]、深部WMH[1(1,3)分 vs 1(0,2)分]、腔隙占比(73.6% vs 43.0%)、脑微出血占比(36.8% vs 17.6%)及CSVD总负荷评分[2(1,3)分 vs 1(1,2)分]均更高,差异均有统计学意义(Z=2.288,P=0.022;Z=2.249,P=0.025;χ2=6.651,P=0.010;χ2=4.161,P=0.042;Z=4.037,P<0.001)。多因素二元Logistic回归分析结果显示,CSVD总负荷评分是AS-CMI发生的独立危险因素(OR=4.441,95%CI:1.446~13.645,P=0.009)。

结论

AS-CMI组患者的认知损害及CSVD总负荷较重,虽然病灶小,但亦可能出现较明显的神经系统功能缺损,且未显示出更好的功能结局。

Objective

To investigate the clinical and imaging characteristics of symptomatic acute subcortical cerebral microinfarcts (AS-CMI) in elderly patients with cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD).

Methods

A total of 240 patients with recent small subcortical infarcts (RSSI) hospitalized in the Department of Neurology of Zhongguancun Hospital, Beijing from September 2019 to February 2025 were retrospectively enrolled. Based on lesion diameter, patients were divided into the ASCMI group (diameter < 5 mm; n=19) and the larger RSSI group (diameter 5 – 20 mm; n=221). Clinical data [including National Institutes of Health stroke scale (NIHSS), MiniMental State Examination (MMSE), and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores] and brain magnetic resonance imaging features [such as white matter hyperintensity (WMH), lacunes, and perivascular spaces] were collected. Univariate analyses (t-test, Wilcoxon ranksum test, and χ2 test) were used to compare differences between the two groups. Multiple binary Logistic regression was performed to identify independent risk factors for ASCMI.

Results

Compared with the larger RSSI group, the ASCMI group had significantly lower MMSE scores [24 (20, 26) vs 26 (23, 28); Z=2.226, P=0.026] and MoCA scores [16 (13, 22) vs 20 (15, 23); Z=2.105, P=0.035]. Moreover, the ASCMI group showed higher periventricular WMH [2 (1, 3) vs 1 (0, 2); Z=2.288, P=0.022], deep WMH [1 (1, 3) vs 1 (0, 2); Z=2.249, P=0.025], proportions of lacunes (73.6% vs 43.0%; χ2=6.651, P=0.010) and cerebral microbleeds (36.8% vs 17.6%; χ2=4.161, P=0.042), as well as a higher total CSVD burden score [2 (1, 3) vs 1 (1, 2); Z=4.037, P<0.001]. Multiple binary Logistic regression revealed that the total CSVD burden score was an independent risk factor for AS-CMI (OR=4.441, 95%CI: 1.446 - 13.645, P=0.009).

Conclusion

Patients with ASCMI had more severe cognitive impairment and a higher total CSVD burden. Despite their small size, ASCMI lesions were associated with noticeable neurological deficits and did not show better functional outcomes.

表1 2组老年脑小血管病患者临床资料比较
表2 2组老年脑小血管病患者影像学特征比较
图1 近期皮质下小梗死患者磁共振成像的典型影像学资料。患者男性,80岁,右下肢体肌力Ⅳ级,脑小血管病总负荷评分为4分。图a为弥散加权成像示左侧额叶皮质下高信号,直径<5 mm;图b为病灶在表观弥散系数序列呈低信号(红色箭头);图c为T1加权成像示脑萎缩;图d为T2加权成像示血管周围间隙较重及多发性腔隙性梗死病灶;图e为T2液体抑制反转恢复序列示脑白质高信号较重;图f为磁敏感加权成像示多发脑微出血
表3 AS-CMI发生因素的多因素二元Logistic回归分析
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