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中华脑血管病杂志(电子版) doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1673-9248.2026.05.007

临床研究

高血压脑出血患者血清血管内皮钙黏蛋白、1-磷酸鞘氨醇水平与凝血功能及短期预后的关系
陈卫峰1, 吴倩岚2,†(), 赵春梅1, 张邯菲3, 岳超1, 范怀宝1, 赵渝尧1   
  1. 1057150 河北 邯郸,邯郸市中心医院神经外科
    2056000 河北 邯郸,邯郸市第一医院病理科
    3057150 河北 邯郸,邯郸市中心医院神经内科
  • 收稿日期:2026-05-15
  • 通信作者: 吴倩岚
  • 基金资助:
    河北省医学科学研究课题计划(20261220)

Relationship of serum vascular endothelial cadherin and sphingosine-1-phosphate levels with coagulation function and short-term prognosis in patients with hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage

Weifeng Chen1, Qianlan Wu2,†(), Chunmei Zhao1, Hanfei Zhang3, Chao Yue1, Huaibao Fan1, Yuyao Zhao1   

  1. 1Department of Neurosurgery, Handan Central Hospital, Handan 057150, China
    2Department of Pathology, Handan First Hospital, Handan 056000, China
    3Department of Neurology, Handan Central Hospital, Handan 057150, China
  • Received:2026-05-15
  • Corresponding author: Qianlan Wu
引用本文:

陈卫峰, 吴倩岚, 赵春梅, 张邯菲, 岳超, 范怀宝, 赵渝尧. 高血压脑出血患者血清血管内皮钙黏蛋白、1-磷酸鞘氨醇水平与凝血功能及短期预后的关系[J/OL]. 中华脑血管病杂志(电子版), doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1673-9248.2026.05.007.

Weifeng Chen, Qianlan Wu, Chunmei Zhao, Hanfei Zhang, Chao Yue, Huaibao Fan, Yuyao Zhao. Relationship of serum vascular endothelial cadherin and sphingosine-1-phosphate levels with coagulation function and short-term prognosis in patients with hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Cerebrovascular Diseases(Electronic Edition), doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1673-9248.2026.05.007.

目的

探讨高血压脑出血(HICH)患者血清血管内皮钙黏蛋白(VE-cadherin)、1-磷酸鞘氨醇(S1P)水平与凝血功能及短期预后的关系。

方法

按照1∶1比例前瞻性纳入2022年1月至2024年9月邯郸市中心医院收治的HICH患者134例(试验组)和同期健康体检志愿者134例(对照组)。采用独立样本t检验或Mann-Whitney U检验比较2组患者的血清VE-cadherin、S1P水平及凝血功能[包括D-二聚体(D-D)、纤维蛋白原(FIB)、凝血酶原时间(PT)、凝血酶时间(TT)、活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)]。将HICH患者根据入院时美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分(病情程度)分为轻度缺损组(≤4分,41例)、中度缺损组(5~15分,33例)、中重度缺损组(16~20分,35例)和重度缺损组(≥21分,25例)。采用Pearson或Spearman相关性分析评价HICH患者血清VE-cadherin、S1P水平与病情程度、凝血功能的相关性。将HICH患者根据随访6个月的改良Rankin量表(mRS)评分分为不良组(mRS评分>2分或死亡,60例)和良好组(mRS评分≤2分,74例)。通过单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析筛选影响HICH患者短期预后的因素,采用受试者操作特征(ROC)曲线分析血清VE-cadherin、S1P水平对HICH患者短期预后的预测效能。采用DeLong检验比较曲线下面积。

结果

试验组HICH患者和对照组健康体检志愿者的血清VE-cadherin分别为5.81(4.55,6.97)和3.08(2.77,3.43)ng/mL,D-D水平分别为0.67(0.53,0.85)和0.29(0.23,0.37)mg/L,TT分别为24.80(22.95,26.33)和16.98(15.16,18.73)s,S1P水平分别为(287.43±39.42)和(210.06±28.01)ng/mL,FIB水平分别为(3.96±0.53)和(2.66±0.40)g/L,PT分别为(15.58±3.44)和(12.00±0.97)s,APTT分别为(35.12±5.49)和(28.00±2.91)s,差异均有统计学意义(Z=-11.919、-13.495、-13.512,t=18.519、22.708、11.638、13.279;P均<0.001)。轻度、中度、中重度、重度缺损组HICH患者的血清VE-cadherin、S1P、D-D和FIB水平依次升高,PT、TT和APTT依次延长(P均<0.05)。HICH患者血清VE-cadherin、S1P水平与病情程度、D-D、FIB、PT、TT和APTT均呈正相关(P均<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示:血肿体积增大、入院时NIHSS评分增加、VE-cadherin升高、S1P升高均为HICH患者短期预后不良的独立危险因素(P均<0.05),入院时格拉斯哥昏迷评分增加为独立保护因素(P<0.05)。血清VE-cadherin、S1P水平及二者联合预测HICH患者短期预后的曲线下面积分别为0.824(95%CI:0.755~0.892)、0.815(95%CI:0.743~0.887)和0.901(95%CI:0.851~0.952),敏感度分别为55.0%、73.3%和91.7%,特异度分别为94.6%、75.7%和74.3%,二者联合的预测效能显著优于血清VE-cadherin、S1P的单独预测效能(Z=2.946、3.061,P=0.003、0.002)。

结论

HICH患者血清VE-cadherin、S1P水平升高与病情加重、凝血功能紊乱及短期预后不良显著相关,且血清VE-cadherin联合S1P对HICH患者短期预后的预测效能较高。

Objective

To investigate the relationship of serum vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin) and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) levels with coagulation function and short-term prognosis in patients with hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage (HICH).

Methods

A total of 134 HICH patients admitted to Handan Central Hospital from January 2022 to September 2024 were prospectively enrolled as the study group, and 134 healthy volunteers from the same period were enrolled as the control group in a 1∶1 ratio. The independent-samples t-test or Mann-Whitney U-test was used to compare serum levels of VE-cadherin, S1P, and coagulation function [including D-dimer (D-D), fibrinogen (FIB), prothrombin time (PT), thrombin time (TT), and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT)] between the two groups. HICH patients were divided into the mild deficit group (≤ 4, n=41), the moderate deficit group (5-15, n=33), the moderate-to-severe deficit group (16-20, n=35), and the severe deficit group (≥21, n=25) based on the National Institutes of Health stroke scale (NIHSS) score at admission (severity of illness). Pearson or Spearman correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between serum VE-cadherin and S1P levels and disease severity as well as coagulation function in HICH patients. Based on the modified Rankin scale (mRS) at 6-month follow-up, HICH patients were divided into the poor outcome group (mRS score > 2 or death, n=60) and the good outcome group (mRS score ≤ 2, n=74). Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analyses were used to identify factors influencing short-term prognosis in HICH patients, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to evaluate the predictive value of serum VE-cadherin and S1P levels for short-term prognosis. The area under the curve was compared using the DeLong test.

Results

Compared with the control group (healthy volunteers), the treatment group (HICH patients) showed significantly higher serum levels of VE-cadherin [5.81 (4.55, 6.97) ng/mL vs 3.08 (2.77, 3.43) ng/mL, Z=-11.919, P<0.001], D-D [0.67 (0.53, 0.85) mg/L vs 0.29 (0.23, 0.37) mg/L, Z=-13.495, P<0.001], and S1P [(287.43±39.42) ng/mL vs (210.06±28.01) ng/mL, t=18.519, P<0.001], and FIB [(3.96±0.53) g/L vs (2.66±0.40) g/L, t=22.708, P<0.001], as well as significantly prolonged TT [24.80 (22.95, 26.33) s vs 16.98 (15.16, 18.73) s, Z=-13.512, P<0.001], PT [(15.58±3.44) s vs (12.00±0.97) s, t=11.638, P<0.001], and APTT [(35.12±5.49) s vs (28.00±2.91) s, t=13.279, P<0.001]. All differences were statistically significant. Serum levels of VE-cadherin, S1P, D-D, and FIB progressively increased, while PT, TT, and APTT progressively prolonged across the mild, moderate, moderate-to-severe, and severe deficit groups (all P<0.05). Serum VE-cadherin and S1P levels in HICH patients were positively correlated with disease severity, D-D, FIB, PT, TT, and APTT (all P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that increased hematoma volume, higher NIHSS score at admission, elevated VE-cadherin, and elevated S1P were independent risk factors for poor short-term prognosis in HICH patients (all P<0.05), while a higher Glasgow coma score at admission was an independent protective factor (P<0.05). The areas under the ROC curves for serum VE-cadherin, S1P levels, and their combination in predicting short-term prognosis in HICH patients were 0.824 (95%CI: 0.755-0.892), 0.815 (95%CI: 0.743-0.887) and 0.901 (95%CI: 0.851-0.952), with sensitivities of 55.0%, 73.3% and 91.7%, and specificities of 94.6%, 75.7% and 74.3%, respectively. The combined predictive efficacy was significantly better than that of serum VE-cadherin or S1P levels alone (Z=2.946, 3.061, P=0.003, 0.002).

Conclusion

Serum levels of VE-cadherin and S1P are elevated in HICH patients and are significantly associated with disease severity, coagulation dysfunction, and poor short-term prognosis. The combination of serum VE-cadherin and S1P levels has high predictive value for short-term prognosis.

表1 高血压脑出血患者(试验组)和健康体检志愿者(对照组)一般资料比较
表2 高血压脑出血患者(试验组)与健康体检志愿者(对照组)血清VE-cadherin、S1P水平及凝血功能比较
表3 不同神经缺损情况高血压脑出血患者血清VE-cadherin、S1P水平及凝血功能比较
组别 例数 S1P(ng/mL,
±s)
FIB(g/L,
±s)
PT(s,
±s)
APTT(s,
±s)
TT[s,M(Q1,Q3)] D-D[mg/L,M(Q1,Q3)] VE-cadherin[ng/mL,M(Q1,Q3)]
轻度缺损组 41 245.48±26.61 3.56±0.32 12.98±2.36 31.13±4.42 23.00(21.90,23.90) 0.52(0.43,0.60) 4.04(2.96,4.56)
中度缺损组 33 284.88±15.42 3.86±0.34 14.84±2.74 34.28±4.52 24.00(22.40,25.50) 0.65(0.55,0.78) 5.77(5.04,5.88)
中重度缺损组 35 307.55±25.78 4.11±0.56 17.05±2.69 37.05±4.81 25.50(24.10,28.20) 0.78(0.62,0.90) 6.53(6.13,7.42)
重度缺损组 25 331.60±22.86 4.51±0.39 18.78±3.12 40.07±3.88 27.70(25.90,30.70) 1.01(0.86,1.27) 7.63(7.01,8.31)
统计值 F=226.757 F=88.322 F=83.123 F=68.975 J-T=8.129 J-T=8.528 J-T=11.438
P值 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
统计值a t=-7.984 t=-3.986 t=-3.140 t=-3.017 Z=-6.493 Z=-3.579 Z=-2.600
P值a <0.001 <0.001 0.002 0.004 <0.001 <0.001 0.009
统计值b t=-10.298 t=-5.180 t=-7.040 t=-5.589 Z=-7.467 Z=-5.452 Z=-5.370
P值b <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
统计值c t=-4.429 t=-2.190 t=-3.358 t=-2.444 Z=-5.504 Z=-2.780 Z=-3.253
P值c <0.001 0.032 0.001 0.017 <0.001 0.005 0.001
统计值d t=-13.446 t=-10.748 t=-8.563 t=-8.331 Z=-6.656 Z=-6.261 Z=-6.520
P值d <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
统计值e t=-8.811 t=-6.695 t=-5.102 t=-5.124 Z=-5.991 Z=-5.230 Z=-5.270
P值e <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
统计值f t=-3.731 t=-3.037 t=-2.294 t=-2.591 Z=-3.306 Z=-3.787 Z=-2.850
P值f <0.001 0.004 0.025 0.012 <0.001 <0.001 0.004
图1 高血压脑出血(HICH)患者血清血管内皮钙黏蛋白(VE-cadherin)、1-磷酸鞘氨醇(S1P)水平与病情程度、凝血功能的线性散点图(n=134) 注:病情程度1、2、3、4分别为轻度缺损、中度缺损、中重度缺损、重度缺损。HICH患者血清VE-cadherin与病情程度、D-二聚体(D-D)、纤维蛋白原(FIB)、凝血酶原时间(PT)、凝血酶时间(TT)、活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)的相关性分析采用Spearman相关性分析;HICH患者血清S1P水平与病情程度、D-D、TT的相关性采用Spearman分析,与FIB、PT、APTT的相关性分析采用Pearson相关性分析
表4 影响高血压脑出血患者短期预后的单因素分析结果
项目 良好组(n=74) 不良组(n=60) 统计值 P值
性别[例(%)] χ2=0.378 0.538
男 43(58.11) 38(63.33)
女 31(41.89) 22(36.67)
年龄(岁,
±s)
61.62±9.42 64.27±9.19 t=1.635 0.104
体质量指数(kg/m2,
±s)
24.50±2.33 24.14±2.24 t=0.914 0.362
高血压病程[年,M(Q1,Q3)] 12.00(8.00,17.00) 14.50(7.25,19.00) Z=-1.574 0.115
烟酒嗜好[例(%)]
饮酒 29(39.19) 27(45.00) χ2=0.460 0.498
吸烟 20(27.03) 20(33.33) χ2=0.629 0.428
收缩压(mmHg,
±s)
153.51±10.50 157.10±12.91 t=1.774 0.078
舒张压(mmHg,
±s)
96.22±4.87 97.97±5.51 t=1.950 0.053
基础疾病[例(%)]
糖尿病 18(24.32) 18(30.00) χ2=0.543 0.461
高脂血症 13(17.57) 14(23.33) χ2=0.685 0.408
冠心病 16(21.62) 15(25.00) χ2=0.213 0.645
出血部位[例(%)] χ2=1.418 0.942
脑干 4(5.41) 4(6.67)
小脑 10(13.51) 7(11.67)
脑室 7(9.46) 8(13.33)
丘脑 18(24.32) 13(21.67)
基底核区 32(43.24) 24(40.00)
其他 3(4.05) 4(6.67)
发病至入院时间[h,M(Q1,Q3)] 5.60(4.70,7.00) 6.80(5.70,8.07) Z=-3.603 <0.001
血肿体积[mL,M(Q1,Q3)] 13.15(4.15,23.71) 25.81(17.01,35.80) Z=-5.679 <0.001
手术方式[例(%)] χ2=2.303 0.316
脑外室引流术 26(35.14) 17(28.33)
骨瓣开颅血肿清除术 36(48.65) 27(45.00)
小骨窗开颅术 12(16.22) 16(26.67)
术前使用止血剂[例(%)] 21(28.38) 26(43.33) χ2=3.254 0.071
入院时GCS[分,M(Q1,Q3)] 11.00(8.00,14.25) 6.00(3.25,10.00) Z=-5.877 <0.001
入院时NIHSS评分[分,M(Q1,Q3)] 6.00(3.00,16.00) 19.00(13.50,27.00) Z=-5.699 <0.001
白细胞计数(×109 /L,
±s)
15.08±4.85 15.90±4.83 t=0.974 0.332
血红蛋白(g/L,
±s)
139.89±18.32 139.39±14.97 t=-0.169 0.886
血小板计数(×109 /L,
±s)
239.40±37.31 239.00±36.49 t=-0.061 0.951
血肌酐(μmol/L,
±s)
76.22±10.67 79.24±7.90 t=1.880 0.062
血尿素氮(mmol/L,
±s)
6.08±1.16 6.43±1.07 t=1.806 0.073
C反应蛋白(mg/L,
±s)
49.12±10.08 52.08±9.29 t=1.748 0.083
D-D[mg/L,M(Q1,Q3)] 0.61(0.47,0.79) 0.78(0.58,1.02) Z=-3.976 <0.001
FIB(g/L,
±s)
3.78±0.44 4.17±0.56 t=4.577 <0.001
PT(s,
±s)
14.46±2.84 16.98±3.61 t=4.405 <0.001
TT[s,M(Q1,Q3)] 24.00(22.40,25.70) 25.50(23.30,28.72) Z=-3.406 <0.001
APTT(s,
±s)
33.22±5.48 37.46±4.55 t=4.800 <0.001
VE-cadherin[ng/mL,M(Q1,Q3)] 4.88(3.95,5.95) 6.96(5.72,7.94) Z=-6.432 <0.001
S1P(ng/mL,
±s)
268.93±35.31 310.25±31.66 t=7.051 <0.001
表5 影响高血压脑出血患者短期预后的多因素Logistic回归分析结果
表6 血清VE-cadherin、S1P水平对高血压脑出血患者短期预后的预测效能
图2 血清血管内皮钙黏蛋白(VE-cadherin)、1-磷酸鞘氨醇(S1P)水平预测高血压脑出血患者短期预后的受试者操作特征(ROC)曲线 注:实线表示各指标单独预测高血压脑出血患者不良预后的ROC曲线,阴影区域表示95%CI
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