非急性硬膜下血肿是一种神经外科常见疾病，其疾病负担越来越大。传统钻孔引流术可迅速解除占位效应，但术后复发和再治疗仍然较为常见。脑膜中动脉栓塞通过阻断血肿包膜的异常供血，减少炎性渗出、反复微出血，为降低复发风险提供了新的治疗思路。近年来，国内外多项大型随机对照研究显示，将脑膜中动脉栓塞作为标准治疗的辅助措施，在特定患者群体中可降低血肿复发、治疗失败或再手术情况的发生，总体安全性良好。本文通过整理随机对照研究和真实世界研究，对脑膜中动脉栓塞的病理生理基础、临床疗效与安全性、技术要点、患者选择、成本效益及长期结局进行综述，以期为脑膜中动脉栓塞的规范化和个体化应用提供参考。

Non-acute subdural hematoma is a common disease in neurosurgery, and its burden of disease is increasing. Traditional trepanation and drainage can rapidly relieve the mass effect, but postoperative recurrence and retreatment remain common. Middle meningeal artery embolization provides a new therapeutic strategy for reducing the risk of recurrence by blocking the abnormal blood supply to the hematoma capsule, thereby reducing inflammatory exudation and repeated microbleeds. In recent years, a number of large randomized controlled studies in China and abroad have shown that using middle meningeal artery embolization as an adjunct to standard treatment can reduce the occurrence of hematoma recurrence, treatment failure or reoperation in specific patient populations, with an overall favorable safety profile. This article reviews the pathophysiological basis, efficacy and safety, technical points, patient selection, cost-effectiveness and long-term outcomes of middle meningeal artery embolization by synthesizing evidence from randomized controlled studies and real-world studies in order to provide a reference for the standardized and individualized application of middle meningeal artery embolization.