To evaluate the effect of mild hypothermia after stent-retrieval thrombectomy on expression of serum S100β protein in patients with acute ischemic stroke secondary to large vessel occlusion.

Sixty patients with acute ischemic stroke secondary to large vessel occlusions (AIS-LVO), who were treated in Weifang People's Hospital between March 2018 and March 2020, were randomly divided into treatment group (n=30) and control group (n=30) according to random single-blinda method. The treatment group was treated with Mild Hypothermia after stent-retrieval thrombectomy, while the control group was treated with stent-retrieval thrombectomy. The differences in expression level of serum S100β protein before treatment and 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15 days after treatment were compared between two groups by analysis of variance of repeated measures data. The differences in National Institutes of Health stroke scale (NIHSS) score before treatment and 15 days after treatment were compared between two groups by t-test. The differences in Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS) before treatment and the differences in Cerebral MRA mTICI perfusion classification 15 days after treatment were compared between two groups by t-test.

The expression level of serum S100β protein of two groups all significantly reduced on 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15 days after treatment than before treatment. Serum S100β protein concertration in the treatment group was lower than that in the control group (F=2030.805, P＜0.001). There was no statistical difference of the NIHSS score between the two groups before treatment [(14.7±4.32) vs (14.43±4.24), t=0.241, P=0.810]. The NIHSS scores of two groups both significantly reduced on 15 day after treatment than that before treatment, and the NIHSS score of the treatment group was significantly lower compared with the control group on 15 day after treatment [(3.83±2.21) vs (6.00±4.03), t=-2.579, P=0.013)]. There was no statistical difference of the ASPECTS score between the two groups before treatment, and no statistical difference of the ｍTICI perfusion classification between the two groups on 15 day after treatment (P＞0.05).

Mild hypothermia after stent-retrieval thrombectomy in AIS-LVO patients can significantly reduce the expression level of serum S100β protein and improve clinical outcomes.