To analyze the aggregation of risk factors in elderly patients with ischemic stroke.

Convenience sampling method was used to select ischemic stroke patients aged 60 years or older who were hospitalized in the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery of a Grade-A tertiary hospital in Beijing from July 2021 to June 2022 as subjects. A self-designed questionnaire was used to investigate the demographic characteristics of the patients (gender, age, height, weight, education level, way of admission, form of disease, smoking and drinking) and chronic medical history (hypertension, coronary heart disease, diabetes, hyperlipidemia and atrial fibrillation). SPSS 22.0 software was used for statistical analysis. The incidence of different demographic risk factors and the aggregation of different risk factors were analyzed by chi-square test or Fisher's exact probability method, and the influencing factors of the aggregation of risk factors were analyzed by multiple logistic regression.

A total of 190 elderly patients with ischemic stroke were included in this study. The detection rates of hypertension, coronary heart disease, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, atrial fibrillation, overweight or obesity, smoking, and alcohol consumption were 73.7%, 30.0%, 40.5%, 51.6%, 8.9%, 61.1%, 45.8%, 40.5%, respectively. The aggregation rate of ≥4 risk factors in patients with junior high school education or below was 32.4%, which was higher than that in patients with senior high school education or above (16.5%), the difference was statistically significant (χ²=7.377, P＜0.05). The aggregation rate of ≥4 risk factors in rural patients was 28.0%, which was higher than that of ≥4 risk factors in urban patients (4.5%), the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that patients with junior high school education or below had a higher proportion of ≥4 risk factors than those with senior high school education or above (OR=4.857, 95%CI: 1.063-22.191, P=0.041). The proportion of ≥4 risk factors in rural patients was higher than that in urban patients (OR=23.500, 95%CI: 2.095-263.597, P=0.010).

The aggregation of risk factors in elderly ischemic stroke patients is related to gender and place of residence, and the risk factors tended to be aggregated. The prevention and treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases should focus on rural residents with multiple risk factors and low education levels.