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Chinese Journal of Cerebrovascular Diseases(Electronic Edition) ›› 2025, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (03): 213-219. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1673-9248.2025.03.007

• Clinical Research • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Association between serum MIF, HIF-1α, VEGF-A levels and acute cerebral infarction complicated by cardio-cerebral syndrome

Xin Feng1, Suwei You1, Xiaomei Shi1, Xiangbin Wang1, Qiaoli Gong,1(), Junying Wang2   

  1. 1 Department of Neurology, Handan Central Hospital, Handan 056002, China
    2 Department of Neurology, Handan Fourth Hospital, Handan 056201, China
  • Received:2024-10-09 Online:2025-06-01 Published:2025-08-11
  • Contact: Qiaoli Gong

Abstract:

Objective

 To investigate the associations between serum levels of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), and vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) and acute cerebral infarction (ACI) complicated by cardio-cerebral syndrome (CCS). 

Methods

A total of 124 ACI patients admitted to Handan Central Hospital from May 2022 to August 2023 were retrospectively included. Based on CCS occurrence within one week of admission, they were divided into the CCS group (n=49) and non-CCS group (n=75). Additionally, 50 healthy individuals from the same hospital were included as controls. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare clinical data and serum biomarker levels across the three groups; independent samples t-tests compared clinical data between non-CCS and CCS groups. Logistic regression identified risk factors for CCS, while receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves evaluated the predictive value of MIF, HIF-1α, and VEGF-A for CCS. 

Results

Among 124 ACI patients, 49 (39.52%) developed CCS. Serum levels of MIF, HIF-1α, and VEGF-A progressively increased across healthy, non-CCS, and CCS groups: MIF: (12.60±2.15) μg/L vs (47.42±7.42) μg/L vs (69.53±11.27) μg/L; HIF-1α: (38.86±6.10) ng/mL vs (312.88±43.63) ng/mL vs (608.94±93.32) ng/mL; VEGF-A: (43.37±9.08) ng/mL vs (582.24±62.20) ng/mL vs (1087.41±116.65) ng/mL (all F=675.050, 1226.840, 2446.440; P<0.001). Compared to the non-CCS group, the CCS group had higher NIHSS scores [(9.48±2.25) vs (8.57±2.14); t=2.268, P=0.025] and lower LVEF [(45.52±6.17)% vs (53.60±5.88)%; t= 7.336, P<0.001]. Elevated MIF (OR=1.637, P=0.001), HIF-1α (OR=2.112, P<0.001), and VEGF-A (OR=2.756, P<0.001) were independent risk factors for CCS, while higher LVEF was protective (OR=0.830, P<0.001). ROC analysis showed that combined detection of the three biomarkers achieved sensitivity, specificity, and AUC of 89.80%, 86.67%, and 0.901, respectively, outperforming individual markers (P<0.05). 

Conclusion

Serum MIF, HIF-1α, and VEGF-A are significantly elevated in ACI patients with CCS and serve as independent risk factors. Their combined detection demonstrates powerful predictive validity for identifying ACI patients at high risk of CCS.

Key words: Macrophage migration inhibitory factor, Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α, Vascular endothelial growth factor A, Acute cerebral infarction, Cardio-cerebral syndrome

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