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Chinese Journal of Cerebrovascular Diseases(Electronic Edition) ›› 2026, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (02): 197-203. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1673-9248.2026.02.012

• Evidence Based Medicine • Previous Articles    

Safety and effectiveness of intrathecal injection urokinase in the treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage: a systematic review and Meta-analysis

Kaisheng Zeng1,2,3, Yuyang Cao1,2,3, Ping Hu1,2,3, Tengfeng Yan1,2,3, Yanze Wu1,2,3, Bing Xiao1,2,3, Minhua Ye1,2,3, Miaojing Wu1,2,3, Xin'gen Zhu1,2,3,()   

  1. 1 Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
    2 Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Nanchang 330006, China
    3 Jiangxi Provincial Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Medical Transformation of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Nanchang 330006, China
  • Received:2025-11-08 Online:2026-04-01 Published:2026-04-29
  • Contact: Xin'gen Zhu

Abstract:

Objective

To investigate the safety and efficacy of intrathecal injection urokinase (UK) compared with conventional treatment for subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).

Methods

Through systematic searches of databases including CNKI, VIP, Wanfang, China Biology Medicine disc (CBMdisc), PubMed, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and The Cochrane Library, covering the period from database inception to March 15, 2025, we identified patients definitively diagnosed with SAH. Eligible randomized controlled trials randomized controlled trial (RCT) meeting inclusion criteria were assessed for quality, had data extracted, and underwent analysis using Review Manager 5.4.1.

Results

The study included seven RCT publications, with 1107 patients enrolled. Systematic review results demonstrated that compared with conventional treatment, intrathecal injection UK for SAH can significantly reduce the risk of rebleeding [relative risk (RR)=0.57, 95%CI: 0.41 - 0.80, P=0.001], cerebral vasospasm (RR=0.25, 95%CI: 0.17 - 0.35, P<0.001) and hydrocephalus (RR=0.38, 95%CI: 0.20 - 0.73, P=0.003), while better functional outcomes were achieved (RR=1.45, 95%CI: 1.23 - 1.70, P<0.001).

Conclusion

Compared with conventional treatment, intrathecal injection UK for SAH was shown to be safe and effective, though its efficacy remained to be prospectively validated by RCT.

Key words: Subarachnoid hemorrhage, Urokinase, Intrathecal injection, Meta analysis

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