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中华脑血管病杂志(电子版) ›› 2021, Vol. 15 ›› Issue (06) : 397 -403. doi: 10.11817/j.issn.1673-9248.2021.06.008

临床研究

微创术联合rt-PA或尿激酶治疗自发性幕上脑出血的疗效
连立飞1, 梁奇明1, 许峰1, 潘超1, 朱遂强1, 王芙蓉1,()   
  1. 1. 430030 武汉,华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院神经内科
  • 收稿日期:2021-09-30 出版日期:2021-12-01
  • 通信作者: 王芙蓉
  • 基金资助:
    湖北省卫健委面上项目(WJ2019M121)

Alteplase vs. urokinase treatment after minimally invasive surgery for spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage: a single-center experience

Lifei Lian1, Qiming Liang1, Feng Xu1, Chao Pan1, Suiqiang Zhu1, Furong Wang1,()   

  1. 1. Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
  • Received:2021-09-30 Published:2021-12-01
  • Corresponding author: Furong Wang
引用本文:

连立飞, 梁奇明, 许峰, 潘超, 朱遂强, 王芙蓉. 微创术联合rt-PA或尿激酶治疗自发性幕上脑出血的疗效[J]. 中华脑血管病杂志(电子版), 2021, 15(06): 397-403.

Lifei Lian, Qiming Liang, Feng Xu, Chao Pan, Suiqiang Zhu, Furong Wang. Alteplase vs. urokinase treatment after minimally invasive surgery for spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage: a single-center experience[J]. Chinese Journal of Cerebrovascular Diseases(Electronic Edition), 2021, 15(06): 397-403.

目的

评估接受微创手术联合重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(rt-PA)或尿激酶治疗自发性幕上脑出血的疗效。

方法

回顾性分析华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院神经内科电子病例数据库中2011年10月至2013年11月接受微创手术联合rt-PA(rt-PA组)或尿激酶(尿激酶组)治疗的自发性幕上脑出血患者。评估其临床资料、影像学资料、住院期间并发症和发病3个月的预后。采用t检验比较2组治疗结束后残余血肿体积、占位效应和血肿清除率的差异,采用χ2检验比较住院期间并发症、病死率及90 d预后的差异。

结果

共纳入患者136例,其中rt-PA组80例,尿激酶组56例。2组患者的基线特征比较,差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05),再出血风险为6.6%(9/136)。与尿激酶组相比,微创手术治疗结束时rt-PA组患者血肿清除率更高(83.7%±20.0% vs 69.5%±26%,t=3.597,P=0.001)、残余血肿体积更小[(9.2±7.4)ml vs(13.8±8.3)ml;t=3.393,P=0.001]、占位效应缓解更明显[(5.3±3.6)mm vs(3.2±3.1)mm;t=3.541,P=0.001];rt-PA组3个月病死率明显低于尿激酶组(2.5% vs 12.5%,χ2=5.291,P=0.032),且有改善3个月预后的趋势(32.5% vs 21.4%,χ2=2.001,P=0.157)。2组患者住院期间并发症发生情况比较,差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。

结论

微创手术联合rt-PA或尿激酶能够安全有效的清除颅内血肿。与尿激酶相比,rt-PA清除血肿的效果可能更好,并有助于降低患者病死率。

Objective

To investigate the efficacy and safety of recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (rt-PA, Alteplase) and urokinase after minimally invasive surgery (MIS) for spontaneous supratentorial intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH).

Methods

Patients with spontaneous supratentorial ICH ≥20 ml, who were treated with MIS plus rt-PA (rt-PA group) or urokinase (urokinase group) in Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, were retrospectively included from our prospective database between October 2011 and November 2013. The clinical features, imaging data, as well as adverse events and functional outcome at 3 months were analyzed. The residual hematoma volume, mass effect and clot removal rate at the end of treatment in the two groups were analyzed by Student's t test. The outcome at 3 months, complications and mortality during hospitalization were assessed by the χ2 test.

Results

A total of 136 patients were included, that was 80 in rt-PA group and 56 in urokinase group. The baseline characteristics between the two groups were similar. Compared with the urokinase group, patients in the rt-PA group had a higher hematoma clearance rate (83.7%±20.0% vs 69.5%±26.0%, t=3.597, P=0.001), smaller residual hematoma volume [(9.2±7.4) ml vs (13.8±8.3) ml, t=3.393, P=0.001], and more reduced mass at the end of MIS treatment [(5.3±3.6) mm vs (3.2±3.1) mm, t=3.541, P=0.001]. The mortality at 3 months in the rt-PA group was significantly lower than that in urokinase group (2.5% vs 12.5%, χ2=5.291, P=0.032), and there was a tendency of the improvement of 3-month functional outcome (32.5% vs 21.4%, χ2=2.001, P=0.157). There was no difference between the two groups in infectious complications and adverse events. The recurrence of bleeding after MIS was 6.6% (9/136).

Conclusion

MIS combined with rt-PA or urokinase can safely remove the hematoma in patients with supratentorial ICH. Intra-clot rt-PA treatment after MIS has a likely slight superiority over urokinase for hematoma removal, which may further help to reduce the mortality.

图1 计算机辅助的容量分析方法计算血肿体积
表1 微创手术联合rt-PA或尿激酶治疗的自发性幕上脑出血患者的基线临床资料比较
项目 rt-PA组(n=80) 尿激酶组(n=56) 统计值 P
年龄(岁,
x¯
±s
53.6±12.3 54.2±10.7 t=-0.328 0.744
男性[例(%)] 55(68.8) 38(67.9) χ2=0.012 0.912
高血压[例(%)] 56(70.0) 37(66.1) χ2=0.235 0.628
糖尿病[例(%)] 7(8.8) 5(8.9) χ2=0.003 1.000
冠心病[例(%)] 8(10.0) 6(10.7) χ2=0.018 0.893
肾功能受损[例(%)] 4(5.0) 3(5.4) 1.000
抽烟[例(%)] 32(40.0) 21(37.5) χ2=0.087 0.769
饮酒[例(%)] 25(31.3) 19(33.9) χ2=0.108 0.742
华法林应用[例(%)] 2(2.5) 2(3.6) 1.000
阿司匹林应用[例(%)] 9(11.3) 7(12.5) χ2=0.050 0.824
他汀应用[例(%)] 11(13.8) 8(14.3) χ2=0.008 0.929
渗透性脱水剂应用[例(%)] 74(92.5) 52(92.9) χ2=0.006 1.000
入院时平均动脉压(mmHg,
x¯
±s
115.7±17.3 116.9±15.7 t=-0.487 0.682
入院时GCS评分[分,MQR)] 9(7,12) 10(9,12) U=1.495 0.135
入院时NIHSS评分[分,MQR)] 22(18,25) 19.5(17,26) U=0.619 0.536
发病至首次CT检查时间(h,
x¯
±s
2.3±1.4 2.6±1.1 t=1.477 0.142
发病至微创手术时间[h,MQR)] 48(28,67) 50(29,67) U=0.851 0.613
单针穿刺[例(%)] 63(78.8) 49(87.5) χ2=1.735 0.188
穿刺位置良好[例(%)] 63(78.8) 47(83.9) χ2=0.571 0.450
拔穿刺针时间(d,
x¯
±s
5.1±1.7 4.9±1.6 t=0.606 0.545
出血侧[例,左/右] 49/31 26/30 χ2=2.926 0.087
血肿部位[例,脑叶/深部] 14/66 9/47 χ2=0.048 0.827
出血破入脑室[例(%)] 28(35.0) 21(37.5) χ2=0.089 0.765
血肿扩大[例(%)] 22(27.5) 11(19.6) χ2=1.107 0.293
术前脑出血体积(ml,
x¯
±s
45.6±20.0 40.7±14.2 t=1.566 0.120
溶栓剂应用次数[次,MQR)] 2(1,3) 2(1,3) U=0.737 0.403
溶栓剂用量[MQR)] 1.0(1.0,2.0)mg 20 000(20 000,4 0000)IU
术前透明隔移位(mm,
x¯
±s
7.4±3.9 6.4±3.6 t=1.555 0.125
表2 微创手术联合rt-PA或尿激酶治疗的2组自发性幕上脑出血患者血肿清除效果比较(
xˉ
±s
图2 61岁男性幕上脑出血患者CT检查图。患者发病18 h入院,格拉斯哥昏迷评分为5分。术前出血量83 ml(图a),抽吸后复查CT(图b),应用1.0 mg rt-PA后于发病第4天复查CT(图c);3个月后改良Rankin量表评分为3分。图a~c分别包含了以最大血肿层面为中心平铺上下主要层面的血肿CT图
图3 55岁男性幕上脑出血患者CT检查图。患者发病21 h入院,格拉斯哥昏迷评分为11分。术前CT血肿体积为36 ml(图a),术后(图b)和应用2次20 000 IU尿激酶后于发病第5天复查CT(图c);3个月后改良Rankin量表评分为3分。图a~c分别包含了以最大血肿层面为中心平铺上下主要层面的血肿CT图
表3 微创手术联合rt-PA或尿激酶治疗的2组自发性幕上脑出血患者住院期间病死率和并发症比较[例(%)]
表4 微创手术联合rt-PA或尿激酶的2组自发性幕上脑出血患者3个月时临床结局比较[例(%)]
图4 2组自发性幕上脑出血患者发病3个月的生存情况
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