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中华脑血管病杂志(电子版) ›› 2025, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (03) : 184 -190. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1673-9248.2025.03.003

所属专题: 文献

论著

高危冠心病患者合并颅内外动脉粥样硬化性病变的特征分析
刘贝贝, 易立, 赵莹莹, 刘宏林, 张拥波()   
  1. 100050 首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院神经内科
  • 收稿日期:2025-03-20 出版日期:2025-06-01
  • 通信作者: 张拥波
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(81671191)

Characterization of concomitant extracranial and intracranial atherosclerotic lesions in high-risk coronary heart disease patients

Beibei Liu, Li Yi, Yingying Zhao, Honglin Liu, Yongbo Zhang()   

  1. Department of Neurology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
  • Received:2025-03-20 Published:2025-06-01
  • Corresponding author: Yongbo Zhang
引用本文:

刘贝贝, 易立, 赵莹莹, 刘宏林, 张拥波. 高危冠心病患者合并颅内外动脉粥样硬化性病变的特征分析[J/OL]. 中华脑血管病杂志(电子版), 2025, 19(03): 184-190.

Beibei Liu, Li Yi, Yingying Zhao, Honglin Liu, Yongbo Zhang. Characterization of concomitant extracranial and intracranial atherosclerotic lesions in high-risk coronary heart disease patients[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Cerebrovascular Diseases(Electronic Edition), 2025, 19(03): 184-190.

目的

分析高危冠心病(CHD)患者合并颅内外动脉粥样硬化性病变的患病率及病变分布特征。

方法

回顾性连续纳入2019年3月至2024年2月经冠状动脉造影确诊的CHD,及同期行颈部动脉和脑动脉超声检查的患者。根据任一主要冠状动脉狭窄程度≥ 50%定义为CHD,超声证实颈部任一动脉狭窄程度≥50%定义为颅外动脉粥样硬化性病变(ECAD),颅内任一动脉中度及以上程度狭窄定义为颅内动脉粥样硬化性疾病(ICAD)。根据动脉粥样硬化危险因素数量,将CHD患者分为非高危组(危险因素<3个,342例)和高危组(危险因素≥3个,720例),分析2组患者多血管床动脉粥样硬化性病变的检出率及分布特点。

结果

共纳入CHD患者1062例,高危组合并ECAD患者以及合并ICAD患者占比显著高于非高危组,差异均有统计学意义(31.9% vs 18.1%,26.3% vs 16.4%,P均<0.001)。高危组患者更易合并颅内外多支血管病变,以后循环病变最常见,椎动脉为最易被累及的血管。

结论

高危CHD患者合并ECAD和ICAD的患病率显著高于非高危CHD患者,且更易发生颅内外多支血管病变。需要加强可控危险因素的预防,以降低远期心脑血管病风险。

Objective

To investigate the prevalence and distribution characteristics of extracranial and intracranial atherosclerotic disease in high- risk patients with coronary heart disease (CHD).

Methods

Patients diagnosed with CHD by coronary angiography from March 2019 to February 2024 were retrospectively enrolled. Concurrent carotid ultrasonography and transcranial Doppler/color-coded sonography were performed. CHD was defined as ≥50% luminal stenosis in at least one major epicardial artery. Extracranial atherosclerotic disease (ECAD) was defined as ≥50% stenosis in any cervical artery on ultrasound, and intracranial atherosclerotic disease (ICAD) was defined as moderate-to-severe stenosis or occlusion in any major cerebral artery. CHD patients were stratified into non-high-risk (<3 risk factors, n=342) and high-risk groups (≥3 risk factors, n=720) based on the number of atherosclerotic risk factors. The prevalence and topographic patterns of multi-territorial atherosclerotic lesions were compared between the groups.

Results

Among 1,062 CHD patients, the high-risk group had significantly higher prevalence rates of concurrent ECAD (31.9% vs 18.1%) and ICAD (26.3% vs 16.4%) (all P<0.001). High-risk patients showed a greater propensity for multi-vessel involvement across intracranial and extracranial territories, with the vertebral artery identified as the most commonly affected site.

Conclusion

High-risk CHD patients exhibit higher prevalence of coexisting ECAD and ICAD and more extensive multi-territorial atherosclerosis, particularly in posterior circulation. Targeted control of modifiable risk factors is warranted to mitigate long-term cerebrocardiovascular risks.

图1 颈内动脉狭窄的超声图像。图a超声二维灰阶成像显示颈动脉球部前外侧壁斑块大小为21.7 mm×4.2 mm,致血管腔狭窄;图b彩色血流成像显示狭窄段内径减小、狭窄后段出现“五彩镶嵌”血流成像;图c狭窄段流速升高达347/116 cm/s,可见涡流频谱;图d狭窄远段流速90/36 cm/s,频谱形态呈低搏动性改变
图2 经颅彩色多普勒超声扫描二维灰阶及彩色成像。图a经颞窗检查双侧半球二维灰阶成像,远场显示对侧颅骨强回声;图b颅内Willis环彩色血流成像;图c经枕窗检查显示椎动脉-基底动脉彩色血流成像(“Y”字形特征)
表1 不同危险因素组CHD患者临床基线资料比较[例(%)]
表2 不同危险因素组CHD患者的颈部动脉病变特征分析[例(%)]
表3 不同危险因素组CHD患者的脑动脉病变特征分析[例(%)]
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