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中华脑血管病杂志(电子版) ›› 2025, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (03) : 175 -183. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1673-9248.2025.03.002

所属专题: 文献

论著

压力感受器分布动脉的粥样硬化总负荷对卒中后新监测到的心房颤动的影响
付志勇1,4, 马欣1,2,3,(), 董静1,2,3, 杜祥颖5, 尹春琳6   
  1. 1 100053 北京,首都医科大学宣武医院神经内科
    2 100053 北京,首都医科大学心脑联合病变临床诊疗与研究中心
    3 100053 北京,国家老年疾病临床医学研究中心
    4 215006 苏州,苏州大学附属第一医院神经内科
    5 100053 北京,首都医科大学宣武医院放射科
    6 100053 北京,首都医科大学宣武医院心脏内科
  • 收稿日期:2025-04-01 出版日期:2025-06-01
  • 通信作者: 马欣

Impact of total atherosclerosis burden in baroreceptor-resident arteries on newly detected atrial fibrillation after stroke

Zhiyong Fu1,4, Xin Ma,1,2,3(), Jing Dong1,2,3, Xiangying Du5, Chunlin Yin6   

  1. 1 Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
    2 Clinical Diagnosis, Treatment and Research Center for Combined Heart and Brain Diseases of Capital Medical University 100053, China
    3 National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing 100053, China
    4 Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
    5 Department of Radiology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
    6 Department of Cardiology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
  • Received:2025-04-01 Published:2025-06-01
  • Corresponding author: Xin Ma
引用本文:

付志勇, 马欣, 董静, 杜祥颖, 尹春琳. 压力感受器分布动脉的粥样硬化总负荷对卒中后新监测到的心房颤动的影响[J/OL]. 中华脑血管病杂志(电子版), 2025, 19(03): 175-183.

Zhiyong Fu, Xin Ma, Jing Dong, Xiangying Du, Chunlin Yin. Impact of total atherosclerosis burden in baroreceptor-resident arteries on newly detected atrial fibrillation after stroke[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Cerebrovascular Diseases(Electronic Edition), 2025, 19(03): 175-183.

目的

探讨压力感受器分布动脉的粥样硬化总负荷(TAB-BRA)对卒中后新监测到的心房颤动(AFDAS)的影响。

方法

本研究为前瞻性队列研究,连续纳入发病7 d内无心脏病史的急性缺血性卒中(AIS)患者,采用本团队前期已建立的方法,通过心脑一体化CT血管成像评估颈动脉窦和主动脉弓10个节段动脉粥样硬化状况,基于动脉粥样硬化累及管壁周径百分比的总和,量化生成TAB-BRA;同时评估无症状性冠脉狭窄(ACAS)≥50%情况。对所有研究对象入院后进行心电图检查和移动心电监护1周,监测是否存在AFDAS;同时进行24 h Holter心电监测,获取反映心脏自主神经活动状态的心率变异性(HRV)参数。以TAB-BRA评分中位数为界,将所有患者分为低TAB-BRA组(<5分)和高TAB-BRA组(≥5分),比较2组患者的AFDAS分布差异,并经多因素Logistic回归分析TAB-BRA、ACAS≥50%与AFDAS的独立相关性;同时将所有患者分为AFDAS组和无AFDAS组,比较2组患者的HRV参数差异,并经多因素线性回归分析AFDAS和TAB-BRA与主要HRV参数低频/高频比值(LF/HF)的独立相关性。

结果

本研究共纳入228例符合入组标准的AIS患者,其平均年龄为(59±12)岁,TAB-BRA评分中位数为5分,其中,21例(9.2%)患者出现AFDAS。相比于低TAB-BRA组,高TAB-BRA组AFDAS发生比例更高(13.8% vs 4.5% ,P<0.001)。在校正多项危险因素,卒中特点(包括卒中严重程度、梗死体积和是否累及岛叶)以及ACAS≥50%后,Logistic回归分析提示TAB-BRA与AFDAS仍显著相关(OR=4.35,95%CI:1.58~10.47,P =0.008),而ACAS≥50%与AFDAS无相关性(OR=0.24,95%CI:0.17~21.13,P=0.09)。另外,相比于无AFDAS组,AFDAS组患者反映心脏自主神经功能平衡的LF/HF(中位数,2.4 vs 1.8,P=0.024)更高,多因素线性回归分析提示AFDAS与LF/HF显著相关(β=1.41,95%CI:1.04~3.53,P =0.037),且该比值与TAB-BRA显著相关(r=0.197,P=0.012)。

结论

在无心脏病史的AIS患者中AFDAS与TAB-BRA独立相关,而与ACAS≥50%无关,且AFDAS和TAB-BRA均与自主神经功能失平衡相关,提示较高TAB-BRA易引起心脏自主神经活动不平衡,从而可能增加AFDAS的发生。

Objective

To explore the impact of the total atherosclerosis burden of baroreceptor-resident arteries (TAB-BRA) on atrial fibrillation newly detected after stroke (AFDAS).

Methods

In this prospective cohort study, consecutive acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients within 7 days of symptom onset who had no prior history of heart disease were recruited. We calculated TAB-BRA by scoring and summing the atherosclerosis severity across 10 segments of the carotid sinuses and aortic arch using one-step computed tomography angiography. Asymptomatic coronary artery stenosis (ACAS) ≥50% was also assessed. All participants underwent electrocardiogram and mobile electrocardiogram monitoring during the first week of hospitalization to detect AFDAS. Twenty-four-hour Holter monitoring was performed to obtain heart rate variability (HRV) parameters reflecting cardiac autonomic nervous system activity. Patients were divided into low-TAB-BRA (<5 points) and high-TAB-BRA (≥5 points) groups based on the median TAB-BRA score. Group differences in AFDAS incidence were analyzed. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine independent associations of TAB-BRA and ACAS ≥50% with AFDAS. HRV parameters were compared between AFDAS and non-AFDAS groups, and multivariate linear regression assessed the relationship between AFDAS and the low-frequency/high-frequency (LF/HF) ratio.

Results

Among 228 eligible AIS patients [mean age (59±12) years, median TAB-BRA score 5], 21 (9.2%) developed AFDAS. The high-TAB-BRA group had a significantly higher incidence of AFDAS than those in the low-TAB-BRA group (13.8% vs 4.5%, P<0.001). After adjusting for stroke severity, infarct volume, insular involvement, and ACAS ≥50%, TAB-BRA remained independently associated with AFDAS (OR=4.35, 95%CI: 1.58-10.47, P=0.008), whereas ACAS ≥50% showed no significant correlation (OR=0.24, 95%CI: 0.17-21.13, P=0.09). The AFDAS group exhibited a higher LF/HF ratio (median 2.4 vs 1.8, P=0.024), indicating sympathetic dominance. Multivariate analysis confirmed that AFDAS was associated with an elevated LF/HF ratio (β=1.41, 95%CI: 1.04-3.53, P=0.037), which correlated with TAB-BRA (r=0.197, P=0.012).

Conclusion

In AIS patients without pre-existing heart disease, AFDAS is independently linked to TAB-BRA, but not to ACAS ≥50%. Both AFDAS and TAB-BRA are associated with autonomic imbalance, potentially mediated by sympathetic-parasympathetic dysregulation in high-TAB-BRA patients.

图1 TAB-BRA评分方法13-14。将颈动脉窦和主动脉弓两大压力感受器分布动脉曲面重建后划分为10个节段(图1左),根据各个压力感受器分布动脉节段中受到动脉粥样硬化累及的血管壁周径占全部血管壁周径的比例进行动脉粥样硬化程度评分(图1右:0分:无,1分:<25%,2分:25%~49%,3分:50%~74%,4分:≥75%),累加评分得到TAB-BRA 注:TAB-BRA为压力感受器分布动脉的粥样硬化总负荷
表1 研究对象的基线资料和临床特征
图2 TAB-BRA与AFDAS。图a、图b均为右侧岛叶急性脑梗死患者,其中图a患者TAB-BRA评分较低(1分),未监测到AFDAS;图b为AFDAS患者,TAB-BRA评分较高(17分),图中(1)为头颈CTA;(2)为头颅MRI DWI;(3)为心电图。白色箭头为右侧岛叶脑梗死 注:TAB-BRA为压力感受器分布动脉的粥样硬化总负荷;AFDAS为卒中后监测到的心房颤动;CTA为CT血管成像;MRI为磁共振成像;DWI为弥散加权成像
表2 TAB-BRA与AFDAS的相关性分析
表3 AFDAS与HRV的相关性
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