构建一种操作便捷、临床特征符合蛛网膜下腔出血（SAH）的大鼠模型的颈内动脉穿刺法。

选取7~8周龄Sprague Dawley（SD）大鼠随机分为模型组和假手术组，每组20只。适应性喂养1周后进行造模。模型组大鼠采用颈内动脉血管内穿刺法构建SAH模型，麻醉后暴露颈总动脉、颈内动脉及颈外动脉，经颈外动脉残端插入预先制备的 4-0 聚丙烯缝合线至颈内动脉分叉处，突破血管壁后停留 3 s并重复推进2~3次，电凝止血后缝合切口。假手术组大鼠在线栓到达分叉处后及时拔出，不突破血管壁，其余步骤均与模型组相同。采用Sugawara改良评分法于造模后72 h评估2组大鼠的出血程度；采用改良加西亚评分于造模后24、48、72 h对2组大鼠的神经功能进行评估。组间比较采用独立样本t检验。

模型组有18只大鼠存活，存活率为90.0%，Sugawara改良评分≥8分的大鼠有17只（94.4%），包括重度出血11只，中度出血6只。与假手术大鼠相比，模型组大鼠在所有时间点均观察到显著的神经功能损伤[24 h：（14.40±1.43）分 vs（16.20±1.23）分，t=3.019，P=0.007；48 h：（12.40±0.97）分 vs（16.60±1.18）分，t=8.737，P＜0.001；72 h：（7.80±1.81）分 vs（17.20±1.14）分，t=13.890，P＜0.001]，且在造模后72 h时神经功能损伤最为严重。

改良的颈内动脉穿刺法构建SAH模型具有可重复性强、操作简单、模型成功率高等优点，能更好地模拟临床动脉瘤破裂导致的SAH。

To establish a rat model of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) using an internal carotid artery (ICA) puncture technique that is technically straightforward and clinically relevant.

Forty 7-8-week-old Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly allocated to a model group and a sham-operated group, with 20 rats in each group. After 1 week of adaptive feeding, surgical procedures were performed. In the model group, the SAH model was constructed via endovascular ICA puncture. Under anesthesia, the common carotid artery, ICA, and external carotid artery were exposed. A pre-prepared 4-0 polypropylene suture was inserted through the stump of the external carotid artery to the bifurcation of the ICA. The suture tip was then advanced to pierce the arterial wall​ at the bifurcation, held for 3 seconds, and this puncture process was repeated 2–3 times. Hemostasis was achieved by electrocoagulation, followed by incision suturing. In the sham-operated group, the suture was immediately withdrawn after reaching the bifurcation, and all other steps were identical to those of the model group. The modified Sugawara scoring system was used to evaluate the severity of hemorrhage at 72 hours after modeling. The modified Garcia scoring system was applied to assess the neurological function of rats in both groups at the same time points. Independent sample t-test was used for intergroup comparison.

Eighteen rats survived in the model group, with a survival rate of 90.0%. Among the survivors, 17 rats (94.4%) achieved a modified Sugawara score ≥8, comprising 11 cases of severe hemorrhage and 6 cases of moderate hemorrhage. Compared with the sham-operated group, the model group showed significant neurological impairment at all time points (24 hours: 14.40±1.43 vs 16.20±1.23, t=3.019, P=0.007; 48 hours: 12.40±0.97 vs 16.60±1.18, t=8.737, P＜0.001; 72 hours: 7.80±1.81 vs 17.20±1.14, t=13.890, P＜0.001), with the most severe neurological impairment observed at 72 hours after modeling.

The modified ICA puncture technique for establishing the SAH model in this study demonstrates high reproducibility, technical simplicity, and a high success rate. This model effectively mimics the pathophysiology of aneurysmal SAH.