Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) refers to a series of clinical, imaging and pathological syndromes resulted from the pathophysiological changes in small arteries, arterioles, capillaries, small veins and venules. Recently, with the development of neuroimaging technologies, new diagnostic criteria of CSVD have been built and new concept of CSVD has been proposed. Meanwhile, thanks to the application of digital technologies, movement analyzing methods and genetic techniques, CSVD researches have developed rapidly. In the present review, we summarized the recent progress in CSVD, which may be helpful to the researches in the future.