Extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN, CD147) is a transmembrane glycoprotein of the immunoglobulin superfamily, widely expressed in various cell membranes and involved in a variety of physiological and pathological activities in the body (such as stroke). Neuroinflammation is considered to be a crucial factor in the pathogenesis of stroke. EMMPRIN is a key mediator of neuroinflammation and immune response. The pathological activity of stroke is closely related to EMMPRIN-mediated matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which promote the destruction of the blood-brain barrier and brain injury after stroke. Because of its high expression, EMMPRIN may be used as a diagnostic marker for stroke. Recent studies have shown that targeting EMMPRIN, especially through anti-EMMPRIN (CD147) monoclonal antibodies in animal models, has good therapeutic potential for stroke, providing an important scientific basis for future clinical application. This review summarizes the available experimental and clinical evidence on the role of EMMPRIN in stroke and provides important insights into its potential mechanisms.