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中华脑血管病杂志(电子版) ›› 2026, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (02) : 178 -184. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1673-9248.2026.02.010

临床研究

血清脂蛋白(a)、载脂蛋白B/载脂蛋白A1比值与急性脑梗死阿替普酶静脉溶栓治疗预后的关系
李丽娜, 彭滢, 巩俪, 郑志东()   
  1. 101300 北京市顺义区医院神经内科
  • 收稿日期:2026-01-16 出版日期:2026-04-01
  • 通信作者: 郑志东
  • 基金资助:
    北京市顺义区医院科研发展专项基金项目(顺医2023Q14)

Relationship between serum lipoprotein (a), apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein A1 ratio and prognosis of acute cerebral infarction treated with alteplase intravenous thrombolysis

Li'na Li, Ying Peng, Li Gong, Zhidong Zheng()   

  1. Department of Neurology, Beijing Shunyi Hospital, Beijing 101300, China
  • Received:2026-01-16 Published:2026-04-01
  • Corresponding author: Zhidong Zheng
引用本文:

李丽娜, 彭滢, 巩俪, 郑志东. 血清脂蛋白(a)、载脂蛋白B/载脂蛋白A1比值与急性脑梗死阿替普酶静脉溶栓治疗预后的关系[J/OL]. 中华脑血管病杂志(电子版), 2026, 20(02): 178-184.

Li'na Li, Ying Peng, Li Gong, Zhidong Zheng. Relationship between serum lipoprotein (a), apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein A1 ratio and prognosis of acute cerebral infarction treated with alteplase intravenous thrombolysis[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Cerebrovascular Diseases(Electronic Edition), 2026, 20(02): 178-184.

目的

分析血清脂蛋白(a)[LP(a)]、载脂蛋白B/载脂蛋白A1比值(ApoB/ApoA1)与急性脑梗死(ACI)患者阿替普酶(rt-PA)静脉溶栓治疗预后的关系。

方法

回顾性收集2023年8月至2024年1月北京市顺义区医院神经内科收治的122例接受rt-PA静脉溶栓治疗的ACI患者的临床资料和溶栓后随访资料,根据溶栓后1个月改良Rankin量表(mRS)评估预后,并将其分为预后不良组(51例,mRS评分>2分)与预后良好组(71例,mRS评分≤2分)。比较2组患者临床资料及溶栓后次日胱抑素C(Cys C)、血清LP(a)水平、ApoB/ApoA1的差异,采用限制性立方样条模型(RCS)分析血清LP(a)水平、ApoB/ApoA1与预后的关系,并绘制列线图与决策曲线评估二者对预后不良的预测价值。

结果

溶栓后次日,预后不良组患者的ApoA1水平显著低于预后良好组患者[(0.90±0.28)g/L vs(1.18±0.26)g/L],Cys C、血清LP(a)水平、ApoB/ApoA1均显著高于预后良好组患者[(1.18±0.42)mg/L vs(0.81±0.34)mg/L,(409.12±56.30) mg/L vs(365.35±48.12)mg/L,1.26±0.41 vs 0.90±0.28],差异均有统计学意义(t=5.731、5.459、4.496、5.419,P均<0.001)。RCS分析结果显示:血清LP(a)水平、ApoB/ApoA1与ACI患者rt-PA静脉溶栓治疗预后均呈非线性曲线型剂量反应关系(P均<0.05);当溶栓后次日血清LP(a)>368.25 mg/L、ApoB/ApoA1>0.91时,ACI患者rt-PA静脉溶栓治疗预后不良的风险随指标水平升高而增加。溶栓后次日血清LP(a)、ApoB/ApoA1对ACI患者rt-PA静脉溶栓治疗预后存在正向交互作用,二者均高表达时预后不良风险是二者均低表达时的28.000倍。列线图结果显示:溶栓后次日血清LP(a)、ApoB/ApoA1辅助其他指标预测ACI患者rt-PA静脉溶栓治疗预后的风险模型辨别度良好,一致性指数为0.918(95%CI:0.866~0.971);绘制决策曲线结果显示:溶栓后次日血清LP(a)、ApoB/ApoA1联合Cys C、ApoA1的决策曲线净受益率相较于各指标单独应用更高(联合的最大净受益率为0.418)。

结论

血清LP(a)、ApoB/ApoA1与ACI患者rt-PA静脉溶栓治疗预后有关,其异常高表达提示ACI患者临床预后不良的风险较高。

Objective

To analyze the relationship between serum lipoprotein (a) [LP (a)], apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein A1 ratio (ApoB/ApoA1), and the prognosis of acute cerebral infarction (ACI) treated with intravenous thrombolysis with alteplase (rt-PA).

Methods

A retrospective study was conducted to collect detailed clinical data of 122 patients with ACI who received rt-PA intravenous thrombolysis treatment in the Neurology Department of Beijing Shunyi Hospital from August 2023 to January 2024. Follow-up data of patients after thrombolysis was also queried. The prognosis was evaluated according to the modified Rankin scale (mRS) score at 1 month after thrombolysis. They were divided into poor prognosis group (51 cases, mRS score>2 points) and good prognosis group (71 cases, mRS score≤2 points). The clinical data, cystatin C (Cys C), serum LP (a) level and ApoB/ApoA1 value on the next day after thrombolysis were compared between the two groups. The restricted cubic spline model (RCS) was used to analyze the relationship between serum LP (a) level, ApoB/ApoA1 level and prognosis, and the nomogram and decision curve were drawn to evaluate the predictive value of the two for poor prognosis.

Results

The clinical data comparison on the day after thrombolysis showed that the ApoA1 level in the poor prognosis group was lower than that in the good prognosis group [(0.90 ± 0.28) g/L vs (1.18 ± 0.26) g/L, t=5.731, P<0.001], while the levels of Cys C serum LP (a), and ApoB/ApoA1 were higher than those in the good prognosis group [(1.18±0.42) mg/L vs (0.81±0.34) mg/L, t=5.459, P<0.001; (409.12±56.30) mg/L vs (365.35±48.12) mg/L, t=4.496, P<0.001; 1.26±0.41 vs 0.90±0.28, t=5.419, P<0.001], and the differences were statistically significant. RCS analysis showed a non-linear dose-response relationship between serum LP (a) levels, ApoB/ApoA1, and the prognosis of rt-PA intravenous thrombolysis in ACI patients (all P<0.05). When serum LP (a) >368.25 mg/L, ApoB/ApoA 1>0.91, respectively, the risk of poor prognosis of rt-PA in ACI patients increased with the index level. There was a positive interaction between serum LP (a) and ApoB/ApoA1 on the prognosis of ACI patients treated with rt-PA intravenous thrombolysis the day after thrombolysis. When both were abnormally elevated, the risk of poor prognosis was 28.000 times higher than when both were low. The results of nomogram showed that the risk model discrimination of predicting the prognosis of ACI patients with rt-PA intravenous thrombolysis using serum LP (a) and ApoB/ApoA1 as auxiliary indicators on the day after thrombolysis was good, with a C-index of 0.918 (95% CI: 0.866 - 0.971). The decision curve showed that the net benefit rate of serum LP (a), ApoB/ApoA1 combined with Cys C, and ApoA1 on the day after thrombolysis was higher compared to the application of each indicator alone (the maximum net benefit rate of the combination was 0.418).

Conclusion

Serum LP (a) and ApoB/ApoA1 are associated with the prognosis of ACI patients undergoing rt-PA intravenous thrombolysis. Abnormally high expression of serum LP (a) and ApoB/ApoA1 the day after thrombolysis suggests a higher risk of poor clinical prognosis.

表1 预后不良组和预后良好组急性脑梗死患者临床资料比较
图1 急性脑梗死患者预后与血清脂蛋白(a)[LP(a)]及载脂蛋白B/载脂蛋白A1(ApoB/ApoA1)剂量反应关系的限制性立方样条模型分析图。图a为血清LP(a);图b为ApoB/ApoA1
表2 血清LP(a)、ApoB/ApoA1对ACI患者rt-PA静脉溶栓治疗预后的交互作用
图2 血清脂蛋白(a)[LP(a)]及载脂蛋白B/载脂蛋白A1(ApoB/ApoA1)辅助其他已知指标预测急性脑梗死患者阿替普酶(rt-PA)静脉溶栓治疗预后风险的列线图模型 注:Cys C为胱抑素C
图3 急性脑梗死患者阿替普酶静脉溶栓治疗预后风险列线图预测模型的决策曲线 注:Cys C为胱抑素C;LP(a)为脂蛋白(a);ApoB为载脂蛋白B;ApoA1为载脂蛋白A1;All为全部干预;None为未干预
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