To understand the current awareness and acceptance of ideological and political education in neurology courses among undergraduate medical students and to analyze influencing factors, and propose improvement suggestions.

In April and July 2022, 55 undergraduate medical students from the Clinical Medicine Department of the School of Basic Medicine, Peking University, were selected as the research subjects. They were surveyed through questionnaires before and after the ideological and political education course in neurology to understand their understanding and acceptance of the course. Non-parametric tests were used to compare the differences in understanding and acceptance before and after the course.

Compared to before class, the understanding of ideological and political education courses among medical students after class improved but not significantly (P>0.05). The frequency of recognizing the necessity of participating in the exploration of ideological and political education courses elements increased significantly (χ²=11.553, P=0.009), with "very necessary" and "necessary" from 0 and 31.48% (17/54) before the course to 7.27% (4/55) and 50.91% (28/55) after the course, respectively. The overall satisfaction (Very satisfied + Satisfied) after class was 92.73% (51/54). The suggestions for improvement after class mainly focused on "integrating theory with practice, answering key and hot issues that students are concerned about".

Medical students' awareness of ideological and political education courses was still relatively low. After receiving ideological and political education in neuroscience courses, their acceptance had significantly improved, and their overall satisfaction was high. Suggestions for improvement have been proposed. It is recommended to further enhance the education system of ideological and political education courses, based on the learning and development needs of students, and continuously improve the methods and effects of ideological and political education courses.