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中华脑血管病杂志(电子版) ›› 2023, Vol. 17 ›› Issue (04) : 325 -330. doi: 10.11817/j.issn.1673-9248.2023.04.004

论著

不同抗癫痫发作药物单药治疗在卒中后癫痫中的保留率和有效性分析
李承玉, 徐连萍, 王圣松, 王群()   
  1. 100070 首都医科大学附属北京天坛医院神经病学中心癫痫科
  • 收稿日期:2023-06-21 出版日期:2023-08-01
  • 通信作者: 王群
  • 基金资助:
    国家常见多发病重点专项项目(2022YFC2503800)

The retention rate and efficacy analysis of different anti-seizure medication monotherapy in post-stroke epilepsy

Chengyu Li, Lianping Xu, Shengsong Wang, Qun Wang()   

  1. Department of Epilepsy, Neurology Center, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
  • Received:2023-06-21 Published:2023-08-01
  • Corresponding author: Qun Wang
引用本文:

李承玉, 徐连萍, 王圣松, 王群. 不同抗癫痫发作药物单药治疗在卒中后癫痫中的保留率和有效性分析[J/OL]. 中华脑血管病杂志(电子版), 2023, 17(04): 325-330.

Chengyu Li, Lianping Xu, Shengsong Wang, Qun Wang. The retention rate and efficacy analysis of different anti-seizure medication monotherapy in post-stroke epilepsy[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Cerebrovascular Diseases(Electronic Edition), 2023, 17(04): 325-330.

目的

比较不同的抗癫痫发作药物(ASM)单药治疗在卒中后癫痫(PSE)患者中的保留率和有效性。

方法

回顾性收集2019年5月至2022年5月在首都医科大学附属北京天坛医院被首次诊断PSE并接受单药治疗的92例患者的临床资料并对患者进行随访。根据使用ASM种类对患者进行分组,采用χ2检验比较不同ASM的1年药物保留率的差异,并通过秩和检验比较癫痫发作频率来评价不同ASM对PSE的有效性。

结果

本研究中PSE患者最常用的抗癫痫药为左乙拉西坦(55例,63.95%)、丙戊酸钠(23例,20.93%)和奥卡西平(14例,11.63%)。在1年随访中,左乙拉西坦的药物保留率为76.36%(42/55),奥卡西平为71.43%(10/14),丙戊酸钠为43.46%(10/23),左乙拉西坦和奥卡西平的药物保留率高于丙戊酸钠,差异具有统计学意义(χ2=7.892、4.026,P=0.05、0.045)。左乙拉西坦单药治疗组患者的癫痫发作频率为2.0(0,4.0)次/月,奥卡西平单药治疗组为1.0(0,4.0)次/月,丙戊酸钠单药治疗组为2.5(0,6.0)次/月,但组间比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。

结论

新型ASM左乙拉西坦和奥卡西平在PSE患者中药物保留率优于传统ASM丙戊酸钠,但不同ASM对PSE的有效性是否有差别尚没有确定结论。

Objective

To compare the retention rate and efficacy of different anti-seizure medications (ASM) in post-stroke epilepsy (PSE) patients.

Methods

94 patients who were first diagnosed with PSE and initiated ASM monotherapy at Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University from May 2019 to May 2022 were collected retrospectively and followed up for 12 months. Patients were grouped according to the type of ASM they used, and the 1-year drug retention rates of different groups were compared by chi-square test. The efficacy of each ASM was assessed by a standardized monthly seizure frequency and compared through rank-sum test.

Results

In this study, the most commonly used ASMs in PSE patients were levetiracetam (55, 63.95%), sodium valproate (23, 20.93%), and oxcarbazepine (14, 11.63%). In the one-year follow-up, the drug retention rate of levetiracetam was 76.36% (42/55), oxcarbazepine was 71.43% (10/14), and sodium valproate was 43.46% (10/23), the former two had a higher drug retention rate than sodium valproate, and the difference was statistically significant (χ2=7.892, 4.026; P=0.05,0.045). The monthly seizure frequency was 2.0 (0, 4.0) on levetiracetam monotherapy, 1.0 (0, 4.0) on oxcarbazepine monotherapy, and 2.5 (0, 6.0) on sodium valproate, but the differences between groups were not statistically significant (P>0.05).

Conclusion

Novel ASM such as levetiracetam and oxcarbazepine have higher retention rate in comparison to the conventional ASM sodium valproate in patients with PSE. However, no definitive result has been reached on whether there is a difference in PSE effectiveness among ASM.

表1 不同抗癫痫药物治疗组患者基本临床资料比较
临床资料 左乙拉西坦治疗组(55例) 丙戊酸钠治疗组(23例) 奥卡西平治疗组(14例) 统计值 P
一般资料
年龄[岁,
x¯
±s]
48.89±16.73 48.76±15.09 48.30±16.94 F=2.455 0.059
男性[例(%)] 36(65.45) 16(69.57) 8(57.14) χ2=0.595 0.745
影像学特征[例(%)]
皮层受累 50(90.91) 20(86.96) 13(92.86) χ2=0.539 0.882
多发病灶 34(61.82) 18(78.26) 11(78.57) χ2=1.256 0.579
卒中病因[例(%)] χ2=14.288 0.018
脑出血 7(12.73) 2(8.70) 1(7.14)
脑梗死 13(23.64) 6(26.09) 3(21.43)
梗死后出血转化 4(7.27) 2(8.70) 3(21.43)
SAH 12(21.82) 4(17.39) 2(14.29)
CVST 18(32.72)a 4(17.39)b 2(14.29)b
其他病因 1(1.82) 5(21.74) 3(21.43)
卒中严重程度
NIHSS评分[分,MQR)] 6.5(2.0,10.0) 6.5(2.0,12.5) 3.5(0,10.0) Z=1.224 0.880
癫痫特征
首次发作距离卒中发病时间[d,
x¯
±s]
7.35(3.47,11.56) 8.32(4.44,11.00) 10.21(4.25,17.04) Z=2.735 0.255
癫痫持续状态[例(%)] 6(10.91) 3(13.04) 2(14.29) - 0.906
抗癫痫药物维持剂量[mg/d,MQR)] 1000(1000,1250) 1000(1000,1312) 900(825,900) Z=1.866 0.139
非神经系统共患病[例(%)]
心房颤动 4(7.27) 1(4.35) 1(7.14) χ2=0.401 0.888
高血压 35(63.64)a 10(43.48)b 8(57.14)b χ2=2.700 0.042
肺炎 23(41.82)a 7(30.43)b 5(35.71)b χ2=0.930 0.005
糖尿病 14(25.45) 4(17.39) 3(21.43) χ2=0.617 0.839
表2 影响不同抗癫痫药物的药物保留率的原因[例(%)]
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