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中华脑血管病杂志(电子版) ›› 2026, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (04) : 380 -388. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1673-9248.2026.04.005

临床研究

不同评分量表对前循环大血管闭塞性脑卒中诊断预测性能的差异
魏宸铭, 牟婧宇, 赵心怡, 陈乐, 武剑()   
  1. 102218 北京清华长庚医院神经内科
  • 收稿日期:2026-04-28 出版日期:2026-08-01
  • 通信作者: 武剑
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划(2023YFC2506600); 首都卫生发展科研专项(首发2020-1-2241)

Comparative diagnostic and predictive performance of different scoring scales for identifying anterior circulation large vessel occlusion stroke

Chenming Wei, Jingyu Mu, Xinyi Zhao, Le Chen, Jian Wu()   

  1. Department of Neurology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Beijing 102218, China
  • Received:2026-04-28 Published:2026-08-01
  • Corresponding author: Jian Wu
引用本文:

魏宸铭, 牟婧宇, 赵心怡, 陈乐, 武剑. 不同评分量表对前循环大血管闭塞性脑卒中诊断预测性能的差异[J/OL]. 中华脑血管病杂志(电子版), 2026, 20(04): 380-388.

Chenming Wei, Jingyu Mu, Xinyi Zhao, Le Chen, Jian Wu. Comparative diagnostic and predictive performance of different scoring scales for identifying anterior circulation large vessel occlusion stroke[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Cerebrovascular Diseases(Electronic Edition), 2026, 20(04): 380-388.

目的

比较不同评分量表对前循环大血管闭塞性(LVO)脑卒中的诊断预测性能。

方法

前瞻性纳入2021年3月至2024年1月北京清华长庚医院收治的发病24 h内的急性缺血性脑卒中患者为研究对象。收集入组患者的临床资料、神经功能评分[包括美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分、卒中现场评估及分类转运量表(FAST-ED)评分、快速动脉闭塞评估量表(RACE)评分、辛辛那提院前卒中严重程度评估量表(CPSSS)评分及紧急医疗卒中评估量表(EMSA)评分],并完成血管影像学检查,根据梗死病灶及闭塞血管情况进行分组比较。通过受试者操作特征曲线(ROC)比较不同评分量表对新发LVO脑卒中,尤其是新发前循环LVO脑卒中的诊断预测性能。

结果

本研究共纳入735例患者,其中新发LVO脑卒中患者167例,非新发LVO脑卒中患者568例;在新发LVO脑卒中患者中,前循环组患者137例,后循环组患者30例。FAST-ED、RACE、CPSSS和EMSA评分对新发LVO脑卒中预测的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.821、0.795、0.778和0.776,对新发前循环LVO脑卒中预测的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.844、0.836、0.806和0.806。FAST-ED和RACE评分对新发前循环LVO脑卒中的预测效果优于CPSSS和EMSA评分。当FAST-ED评分≥2分时,对新发前循环LVO脑卒中诊断预测效果最佳,特异度和敏感度分别为81.4%和80.3%;当RACE评分≥3分时,对新发前循环LVO脑卒中诊断预测效果较好,特异度和敏感度分别为85.5%和70.3%。

结论

FAST-ED和RACE评分可较为准确地诊断预测新发前循环LVO脑卒中,有助于前循环LVO脑卒中的早期识别。

Objective

To compare the diagnostic and predictive performance of different clinical scales for anterior circulation large vessel occlusion (LVO) stroke.

Methods

Patients with acute ischemic stroke admitted to Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital between March 2021 and January 2024 within 24 hours of onset were prospectively enrolled. Clinical data and neurological function scores were collected, including the National Institutes of Health stroke scale (NIHSS), field assessment stroke triage for emergency destination (FAST-ED), rapid arterial occlusion evaluation (RACE), Cincinnati prehospital stroke severity scale (CPSSS), and emergency medical stroke assessment (EMSA). All patients underwent vascular imaging and were categorized based on infarct lesions and occluded vessels. The diagnostic and predictive performance of each scale for detecting new-onset LVO stroke, especially anterior circulation LVO stroke, was analyzed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.

Results

A total of 735 patients were enrolled, including 167 with new-onset LVO and 568 with non-LVO strokes. Among new-onset LVO stroke patients, 137 had anterior circulation LVO and 30 had posterior circulation LVO. For new-onset LVO stroke, the areas under the ROC curve (AUC) of FAST-ED, RACE, CPSSS, and EMSA were 0.821, 0.795, 0.778, and 0.776, respectively. For anterior circulation LVO stroke, the corresponding AUCs were 0.844, 0.836, 0.806, and 0.806, respectively. FAST-ED and RACE showed superior predictive performance for anterior circulation LVO stroke compared with CPSSS and EMSA. A FAST-ED score ≥2 yielded optimal diagnostic performance for anterior circulation LVO stroke, with a specificity of 81.4% and a sensitivity of 80.3%. A RACE score ≥3 also showed favorable performance, with a specificity of 85.5% and a sensitivity of 70.3%.

Conclusion

FAST-ED and RACE can accurately identify new-onset anterior circulation LVO stroke, which is helpful for the early prehospital triage of anterior circulation LVO stroke patients.

表1 非新发LVO组与新发LVO组急性缺血性脑卒中患者一般资料比较
表2 前循环组与后循环组新发大血管闭塞性脑卒中患者一般资料比较
前循环组(n=137) 后循环组(n=30) 统计值 P
男性[例(%)] 75(54.74) 25(83.33) χ2=8.373 0.004
年龄(岁,
±s
70.54±14.39 64.87±11.93 t=2.012 0.046
BMI(kg/m2
±s
24.16±3.39 26.13±3.42 t=-2.329 0.022
发病到入院时间[h,MQ1Q3)] 3.00(1.00,7.00) 4.91(1.98,14.00) Z=-2.118 0.034
入院时心率(次/分,
±s
81.38±19.02 83.17±16.15 t=-0.478 0.633
入院时收缩压(mmHg,
±s
156.11±27.22 156.40±24.46 t=-0.054 0.957
入院时舒张压(mmHg,
±s
84.50±18.15 90.57±16.50 t=-1.685 0.094
既往史[例(%)]
脑梗死/TIA 43(31.39) 10(33.33) χ2=0.043 0.831
出血性脑卒中 7(5.11) 1(3.33) χ2=0.170 >0.999
高血压 91(66.42) 20(66.67) χ2=0.001 >0.999
糖尿病 40(29.20) 14(46.67) χ2=3.433 0.084
血脂异常 35(25.55) 8(26.67) χ2=0.016 >0.999
心房颤动/心房扑动/瓣膜病 51(37.23) 7(23.33) χ2=2.096 0.204
冠心病 29(21.17) 5(16.67) χ2=0.308 0.803
肿瘤 11(8.03) 5(16.67) χ2=2.120 0.170
慢性肾病 9(6.57) 1(3.33) χ2=0.458 0.692
神经功能评分[分,MQ1Q3)]
NIHSS评分 12(6,16) 5(2,9) Z=-3.512 <0.001
FAST-ED评分 4(2,5) 1(0,3) Z=-3.683 <0.001
RACE评分 5(2,6) 1(0,4) Z=-3.974 <0.001
CPSSS评分 2(0,3) 0(0,2) Z=-3.488 <0.001
EMSA评分 5(3,6) 3(0,4) Z=-3.855 <0.001
病灶表现[例(%)]
大面积脑梗死 79(57.66) 10(33.33) χ2=5.853 0.025
脑组织水肿 74(54.01) 10(33.33) χ2=4.211 0.046
出血转化 14(10.22) 3(10.00) χ2=0.001 >0.999
图1 各评分量表预测新发大血管闭塞性脑卒中的受试者操作特征曲线 注:FAST-ED为卒中现场评估及分类转运量表;RACE为快速动脉闭塞评估量表;CPSSS为辛辛那提院前卒中严重程度评估量表;EMSA为紧急医疗卒中评估量表
表3 各评分量表判定存在新发大血管闭塞性脑卒中的AUC值及最佳截断值、敏感度、特异度
表4 不同评分诊断新发大血管闭塞性脑卒中的AUC两两比较
图2 各评分量表对存在新发前循环大血管闭塞性脑卒中预测的受试者操作特征曲线 注:FAST-ED为卒中现场评估及分类转运量表;RACE为快速动脉闭塞评估量表;CPSSS为辛辛那提院前卒中严重程度评估量表;EMSA为紧急医疗卒中评估量表;NIHSS为美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表
表5 各评分量表判定存在新发前循环大血管闭塞性脑卒中的AUC值及最佳截断值、敏感度、特异度
表6 不同评分量表对新发前循环大血管闭塞性脑卒中预测的AUC值两两比较
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