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中华脑血管病杂志(电子版) ›› 2025, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (02) : 141 -148. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1673-9248.2025.02.009

临床研究

脑小血管病总负荷对急性前循环大血管闭塞梗死增长率及临床转归的影响
黄虎1, 宋春杰2, 刘志伟2, 陈兴2, 朱发勇2, 韩远远2,()   
  1. 1. 223800 江苏宿迁,宿迁市第一人民医院介入放射科
    2. 223800 江苏宿迁,宿迁市第一人民医院神经内科
  • 收稿日期:2024-04-14 出版日期:2025-04-01
  • 通信作者: 韩远远

Impact of total cerebral small vessel disease burden on infarction growth rate and clinical outcomes in acute anterior circulation large vessel occlusion

Hu Huang1, Chunjie Song2, Zhiwei Liu2, Xing Chen2, Fayong Zhu2, Yuanyuan Han2,()   

  1. 1. Department of Interventional Radiology,Suqian First Hospital, Suqian 223800, China
    2. Department of Neurology, Suqian First Hospital, Suqian 223800, China
  • Received:2024-04-14 Published:2025-04-01
  • Corresponding author: Yuanyuan Han
引用本文:

黄虎, 宋春杰, 刘志伟, 陈兴, 朱发勇, 韩远远. 脑小血管病总负荷对急性前循环大血管闭塞梗死增长率及临床转归的影响[J/OL]. 中华脑血管病杂志(电子版), 2025, 19(02): 141-148.

Hu Huang, Chunjie Song, Zhiwei Liu, Xing Chen, Fayong Zhu, Yuanyuan Han. Impact of total cerebral small vessel disease burden on infarction growth rate and clinical outcomes in acute anterior circulation large vessel occlusion[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Cerebrovascular Diseases(Electronic Edition), 2025, 19(02): 141-148.

目的

探讨脑小血管病(CSVD)总负荷对急性前循环大血管闭塞梗死增长率(IGR)及临床转归的影响。

方法

回顾性纳入2021 年1 月至2023 年12 月在宿迁市第一人民医院接受血管内治疗(EVT)且成功再通的急性前循环大血管闭塞患者198 例,根据90 d 时临床转归,采用改良Rankin 量表(mRS)评分将患者分为预后良好组(mRS:0~2 分,104 例)和预后不良组(mRS:3~6 分,94 例),收集2 组患者的临床资料,包括年龄、基线美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分等。根据术前CT 灌注成像计算IGR。依据头颅磁共振成像(MRI)获得CSVD 总体负荷评分,CSVD 总体负荷评分0~1 分定义为轻度组,2 分定义为中度组,3~4 分定义为重度组。根据美国介入和治疗神经放射学学会/介入放射学学会(ASITN/SIR)基于数字减影血管造影(DSA)的侧支循环量表评分评估侧支循环状态。采用多因素Logistic 回归分析评估预后不良的危险因素。应用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评价IGR 对预后不良的预测价值。根据IGR 最佳截断值将患者分为快IGR 组和慢IGR 组,采用多因素Logistic 回归分析评估快IGR 的危险因素。

结果

与预后良好组相比,预后不良组患者的年龄、基线NIHSS 评分、IGR 和CSVD 总负荷等方面明显增高,ASITN/SIR 评分明显降低,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.001)。多因素Logistic 回归分析显示,年龄、基线NIHSS 评分、ASITN/SIR 评分、IGR 和中重度CSVD 是90 d 预后不良的危险因素。ROC 曲线分析显示,IGR 预测转归不良的曲线下面积分别为0.813(95%CI:0.738~0.905,P<0.001),最佳截断值为9.78 ml/h。与慢IGR组相比,快IGR 组患者的基线NIHSS 评分和CSVD 总负荷明显增高,ASITN/SIR 评分明显降低,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.001)。多因素Logistic 回归分析显示基线NIHSS 评分、ASITN/SIR 评分和中重度CSVD 是快IGR 的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。

结论

CSVD 严重程度的增加与侧支循环受损、IGR 和临床预后有关。CSVD 总负荷可作为急性前循环大血管闭塞性脑梗死EVT 后组织损伤进展可能性和临床转归预测的生物标志物。

Objective

To investigate the impact of total cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD)burden on infarction growth rate (IGR) and clinical outcomes in patients with acute anterior circulation large vessel occlusion undergoing endovascular therapy (EVT).

Methods

This retrospective study included 198 patients with acute anterior circulation large vessel occlusion who underwent EVT with successful recanalization at Suqian First People’s Hospital between January 2021 and December 2023.Based on modified Rankin scale (mRS) scores at 90 days, patients were divided into a favorable outcome group (mRS: 0-2,n=104) and a poor outcome group (mRS: 3-6, n=94).Clinical data, including age, baseline National Institutes of Health stroke scale (NIHSS) score, and IGR calculated from pre-operative CT perfusion imaging, were collected.Total CSVD burden was graded using brain MRI (0-1: mild; 2: moderate; 3-4: severe).Collateral circulation was assessed using the American Society of Interventional and Therapeutic Neuroradiology/Society of Interventional Radiology (ASITN/SIR) collateral grading scale on digital subtraction angiography(DSA).Multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify risk factors for poor outcomes.Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves evaluated the predictive value of IGR for poor outcomes.Patients were further stratified into fast-IGR (≥9.78 mL/h) and slow-IGR groups based on the optimal IGR cutoff.

Results

Compared to the favorable outcome group, the poor outcome group exhibited significantly higher age, baseline NIHSS score, IGR, and CSVD burden, and lower ASITN/SIR scores (all P<0.001).Multivariate analysis identified age, baseline NIHSS score, ASITN/SIR score, IGR, and moderate-to-severe CSVD as independent risk factors for 90-day poor outcomes.ROC analysis showed an area under the curve (AUC)of 0.813 (95% CI: 0.738-0.905, P<0.001) for IGR in predicting poor outcomes, with an optimal cutoff of 9.78 mL/h.Fast-IGR patients had higher baseline NIHSS scores and CSVD burden, and lower ASITN/SIR scores(all P<0.001).Multivariate logistic regression identified NIHSS score, ASITN/SIR score, and moderate-tosevere CSVD were independent risk factors for fast IGR (P<0.05).

Conclusion

Increased CSVD burden is associated with impaired collateral circulation, accelerated IGR, and worse clinical outcomes.Total CSVD burden may serve as a biomarker for predicting tissue injury progression and clinical prognosis after EVT in acute anterior circulation large vessel occlusion.

图1 患者入组流程
表1 预后良好组和预后不良组患者基线资料比较
基线资料 预后良好(104 例) 预后不良(94 例) 统计值 P
年龄(岁,xˉ± s ) 66.8±10.2 69.0±11.6 t=2.285 0.012
男性[ 例(%)] 67(64.4) 59(62.8) χ 2=0.059 0.809
高血压病[ 例(%)] 60(57.7) 50(53.2) χ 2=0.405 0.524
2 型糖尿病[ 例(%)] 36(34.6) 35(37.2) χ 2=0.147 0.701
冠心病[ 例(%)] 29(27.9) 28(29.8) χ 2=0.087 0.768
高脂血症[ 例(%)] 24(23.1) 24(25.5) χ 2=0.162 0.687
吸烟史[ 例(%)] 42(40.4) 41(43.6) χ 2=0.212 0.645
房颤[ 例(%)] 16(15.4) 23(24.5) χ 2=2.576 0.109
收缩压(mmHg,xˉ± s ) 153.2±11.9 155.8±10. 2 t=1.416 0.263
舒张压(mmHg,xˉ± s ) 88.9±9.4 91.6±11.1 t=1.373 0.314
基线NIHSS 评分[ 分,MQR)] 11.5(8.0,15.0) 14.5(9.0,17.0) Z=3.879 <0.001
FPG[mmol/L,MQR)] 6.7(5.2,8.4) 7.4(5.5,8.9) Z=2.527 0.011
ALT[U/L,MQR)] 28(21,40) 31(22,38) Z=0.457 0.672
AST[U/L,MQR)] 31(22,39) 28(19,42) Z=0.816 0.853
尿素氮(mmol/L,xˉ± s ) 5.67±2.13 6.04±1.96 t=1.257 0.337
Cr(μmol/L,xˉ± s ) 68.62±12.57 69.82±11.38 t=1.152 0.474
TC(mmol/L,xˉ± s ) 4.42±1.53 4.64±1.44 t=0.997 0.682
TG(mmol/L,xˉ± s ) 1.48±0.76 1.68±0.82 t=0.826 0.769
LDL-C(mmol/L,xˉ± s ) 2.75±0.88 2.89±1.03 t=1.882 0.587
HDL-C(mmol/L,xˉ± s ) 1.21±0.57 1.14±0.72 t=1.940 0.479
ASITN/SIR 评分[ 分,MQR)] 3(2,3) 2(1,3) Z=4.173 <0.001
IGR(ml/h, xˉ± s ) 5.42±3.84 11.07±4.62 t=3.712 <0.001
CSVD 总负荷[ 例(%)] χ 2=13.455 <0.001
轻度 67(64.4) 39(41.5)
中度 31(28.8) 37(39.4)
重度 6(5.8) 18(19.1)
表2 预后不良的多因素Logistic 回归分析结果
图2 IGR 预测血管内治疗后90 d 预后不良的ROC 曲线 注:IGR 为梗死增长率;ROC 为受试者工作特征
表3 快IGR 组和慢IGR 组患者基线资料比较
表4 快IGR 的多因素Logistic 回归分析结果
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