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中华脑血管病杂志(电子版) ›› 2025, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (03) : 207 -212. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1673-9248.2025.03.006

临床研究

CT肺动脉造影不可见的肺动静脉交通与心源性栓塞的关系
武德崴, 王秀玲, 郭呈龙, 褚研研, 高敬, 王宇彬(), 尹春琳()   
  1. 100053 北京,首都医科大学宣武医院心脏内科 国家老年疾病临床医学研究中心
  • 收稿日期:2025-03-24 出版日期:2025-06-01
  • 通信作者: 王宇彬, 尹春琳

Relationship between CT pulmonary angiography-undetectable pulmonary arteriovenous communications and cardioembolic embolism

Dewei Wu, Xiuling Wang, Chenglong Guo, Yanyan Chu, Jing Gao, Yubin Wang(), Chunlin Yin()   

  1. Department of Cardiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research, Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing 100053, China
  • Received:2025-03-24 Published:2025-06-01
  • Corresponding author: Yubin Wang, Chunlin Yin
引用本文:

武德崴, 王秀玲, 郭呈龙, 褚研研, 高敬, 王宇彬, 尹春琳. CT肺动脉造影不可见的肺动静脉交通与心源性栓塞的关系[J/OL]. 中华脑血管病杂志(电子版), 2025, 19(03): 207-212.

Dewei Wu, Xiuling Wang, Chenglong Guo, Yanyan Chu, Jing Gao, Yubin Wang, Chunlin Yin. Relationship between CT pulmonary angiography-undetectable pulmonary arteriovenous communications and cardioembolic embolism[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Cerebrovascular Diseases(Electronic Edition), 2025, 19(03): 207-212.

目的

探究CT肺动脉造影(CTPA)扫描不可见的肺动静脉交通的发生率及临床意义。

方法

回顾性纳入2023年8月至2025年2月于首都医科大学宣武医院行经胸超声心动图右心声学造影(cTTE)检查的患者,筛选经食道超声心动图右心声学造影(cTEE)提示心外分流的患者,行CTPA检查明确是否存在肺动静脉畸形(PAVM),根据检查结果分为PAVM组和非PAVM组,比较2组的基线特征、cTTE/cTEE影像特征,并分析其伴随症状及脑血管事件发生情况。

结果

共有362例患者cTTE检查提示存在右向左分流(RLS),其中21例患者cTEE检查证实存在明确的心外RLS。CTPA检查显示4例(19.0%)存在明确的PAVM,17例(81.0%)未见PAVM但提示存在微观层面的肺动静脉分流。PAVM组患者cTTE和cTEE均显示RLS分级均为3级,在cTTE中均可见左心房完全充盈;非PAVM组患者cTTE检查RLS 3级的比例为88.2%,23.5%可观察到左心房完全充盈。PAVM组中3例患者发生了缺血性卒中/短暂性脑缺血发作,另外1例患者存在无症状脑梗死;非PAVM组中3例(17.6%)患者发生缺血性卒中/短暂性脑缺血发作,12例(70.6%)患者存在无症状脑梗死。

结论

大多数的心外RLS并非出现在CTPA可见的PAVM中,而是表现为放射影像学检查不可见的微观层面的肺动静脉交通,此类微观层面的分流仍是颅内缺血事件的重要危险因素,在临床实践中需要进行仔细甄别。

Objective

To investigate the incidence and clinical significance of pulmonary arteriovenous communications PACs undetectable by CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA).

Methods

This retrospective study included patients undergoing contrast transthoracic echocardiography (cTTE) at Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University from August 2023 to February 2025. Patients with confirmed extracardiac right-to-left shunt (RLS) by contrast transesophageal echocardiography (cTEE) were selected and underwent CTPA to identify pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVM). Participants were divided into PAVM and non-PAVM groups based on imaging findings. Baseline characteristics, cTTE/cTEE features, accompanying symptoms, and cerebrovascular events were compared between groups. 

Results

Among 362 patients with RLS detected by cTTE, 21 showed cTEE-confirmed extracardiac RLS. CTPA revealed visible PAVMs in 4 cases (19.0%) and microscopic pulmonary arteriovenous shunts in 17 cases (81.0%). All PAVM group patients exhibited grade 3 RLS on both cTTE/cTEE with complete left atrial filling on cTTE. In the non-PAVM group, 88.2% showed grade 3 RLS and 23.5% demonstrated complete left atrial filling. The PAVM group included 3 cases of ischemic stroke/transient ischemic attack (TIA) and 1 asymptomatic cerebral infarction. The non-PAVM group had 3 (17.6%) stroke/TIA cases and 12 (70.6%) asymptomatic cerebral infarctions.

Conclusion

Most extracardiac RLSs manifest as microscopic PACs rather than CTPA-visible PAVMs. Despite their subradiographic nature, these shunts are associated with substantial intracranial ischemic risk, necessitating heightened clinical vigilance and alternative diagnostic strategies.

图1 肺动静脉交通患者的右心声学造影检查。图a经胸超声心动图右心声学造影检查可见左心内气泡完全充盈;图b经食道超声心动图右心声学造影可见左心房内气泡充盈(黄色箭头);图c经食道超声心动图右心声学造影可见肺静脉内气泡显影(红色箭头),并向左心房中移动
表1 行经胸超声心动图右心声学造影患者的基线资料
表2 经胸超声心动图及cTTE检查结果
表3 经食道超声心动图右心声学造影检查结果
表4 RLS患者的伴随症状
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