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中华脑血管病杂志(电子版) ›› 2024, Vol. 18 ›› Issue (05) : 406 -417. doi: 10.11817/j.issn.1673-9248.2024.05.002

论著

既往及新发心房颤动对急性心肌梗死患者远期卒中风险的影响
郑屹1, 刘莹1, 张煜坤1, 李广平1, 陈康寅1, 刘彤1,()   
  1. 1.300211 天津医科大学第二医院心脏科 天津市心血管病离子与分子机能重点实验室 天津心脏病学研究所
  • 收稿日期:2024-05-19 出版日期:2024-10-01
  • 通信作者: 刘彤
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(82170327)天津市医学重点学科(专科)建设项目(TJYXZDXK-029A,TJWJ2022XK013)

The effects of preexisting and new-onset atrial fibrillation on the long-term risk of stroke in patients with acute myocardial infarction

Yi Zheng1, Ying Liu1, Yukun Zhang1, Guangping Li1, Kangyin Chen1, Tong Liu1,()   

  1. 1.Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease,Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
  • Received:2024-05-19 Published:2024-10-01
  • Corresponding author: Tong Liu
引用本文:

郑屹, 刘莹, 张煜坤, 李广平, 陈康寅, 刘彤. 既往及新发心房颤动对急性心肌梗死患者远期卒中风险的影响[J]. 中华脑血管病杂志(电子版), 2024, 18(05): 406-417.

Yi Zheng, Ying Liu, Yukun Zhang, Guangping Li, Kangyin Chen, Tong Liu. The effects of preexisting and new-onset atrial fibrillation on the long-term risk of stroke in patients with acute myocardial infarction[J]. Chinese Journal of Cerebrovascular Diseases(Electronic Edition), 2024, 18(05): 406-417.

目的

比较既往及新发心房颤动(AF)对急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者远期卒中风险的影响。

方法

纳入2016年8月至2023年6月天津市72家二、三级医院出院诊断包含AMI及AF的患者。将研究人群分为入院前有AF 诊断的患者(既往AF组)和入院前没有诊断AF 的患者(新发AF组)。主要结局包括卒中、缺血性卒中和出血性卒中,次要结局包括全因死亡、心血管死亡、所有原因出血和大出血。采用多变量Cox 回归和Kaplan-Meier 生存曲线分析既往和新发AF 对AMI 患者结局的影响。对既往及新发AF 患者进行1∶1 倾向性评分匹配,并进行亚组分析与多因素竞争风险分析。

结果

共纳入5530 例患者,其中1819 例为既往AF 患者,3711 例为新发AF 患者。多变量Cox 回归分析显示,新发与既往AF 患者卒中(HR=1.10,95%CI:0.98~1.23,P=0.103)、缺血性卒中(HR=1.10,95%CI:0.98~1.23,P=0.092)、出血性卒中(HR=0.99,95%CI:0.64~1.54,P=0.959)、全因死亡(HR=0.94,95%CI:0.84~1.06,P=0.342)、心血管死亡(HR=1.04,95%CI:0.89~1.21,P=0.626)、所有原因出血(HR=1.03,95%CI:0.88~1.20,P=0.729)及大出血(HR=0.75,95%CI:0.52~1.07,P=0.115)等结局的风险无明显差异。按1∶1 进行倾向性评分匹配后,2组各纳入1452 例患者。Kaplan-Meier 生存曲线分析显示,与既往AF 相比,新发AF 患者卒中(P=0.130)、缺血性卒中(P=0.120)、出血性卒中(P=0.560)、全因死亡(P=1.000)、心血管死亡(P=0.062)、所有原因出血(P=0.220)和大出血(P=0.500)的发生风险无显著差异。

结论

新发AF 合并AMI 患者与既往AF 合并AMI 患者预后相当,同样需重视其卒中、缺血性卒中、出血性卒中、死亡、心血管死亡、所有原因出血和大出血的风险。

Objective

To assess and compare the long-term risk of stroke in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) who have preexisting versus new-onset atrial fibrillation (AF).

Methods

Patients diagnosed with AMI and AF from 72 secondary and tertiary hospitals in Tianjin, China, between August 2016 and June 2023 were enrolled. The study population was divided into those with a prior diagnosis of AF (preexisting AF group) and those without a prior diagnosis of AF (new-onset AF group). The primary outcomes included stroke, ischemic stroke, and hemorrhagic stroke, with secondary outcomes induding all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, all bleeding and major bleeding. Multivariate Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier survival curves were used to analyze the effects of preexisting and new-onset AF on the outcomes in patients with AMI. Propensity score matching with a 1 ∶1 ratio for preexisting AF versus newonset AF was performed. Additionally, subgroup analyses and multivariable competing risk analyses were performed.

Results

A total of 5530 patients were identified, comprising 1819 with preexisting AF patients and 3711 with new-onset AF. Multivariate Cox regression showed no significant differences in the risk of stroke(HR=1.10, 95%CI: 0.98-1.23, P=0.103), ischemic stroke (HR=1.10, 95%CI: 0.98-1.23, P=0.092), hemorrhagic stroke (HR=0.99, 95%CI: 0.64-1.54, P=0.959), all-cause mortality (HR=0.94, 95%CI: 0.84-1.06, P=0.342),cardiovascular mortality (HR=1.04, 95%CI: 0.89-1.21, P=0.626), all bleeding (HR=1.03, 95%CI: 0.88-1.20,P=0.729) or major bleeding (HR=0.75, 95%CI: 0.52-1.07, P=0.115) between patients with preexisting AF and new-onset AF. After 1 ∶1 propensity score matching, 1 452 preexisting AF patients and 1452 new-onset AF patients were included. Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that compared with preexisting AF, there was no significant difference in the risk of stroke (P=0.130), ischemic stroke (P=0.120), hemorrhagic stroke (P=0.560),all-cause death (P=1.000), cardiovascular death (P=0.062), all bleeding (P=0.220), or major bleeding (P=0.500)in patients with new-onset AF.

Conclusion

The prognosis of patients with new-onset AF combined with AMI is comparable to those with preexisting AF and AMI. Therefore the risk of stroke, ischemic stroke,hemorrhagic stroke, death, cardiac death, all bleeding and major bleeding should be vigilantly managed in both groups.

表1 国际疾病分类-10 编码
表2 根据既往心房颤动及新发心房颤动进行分层的研究人群基线特征
变量 倾向性评分匹配前 倾向性评分匹配后
既往心房颤动(1819) 新发心房颤动(3711) 统计值 P 既往心房颤动(1452) 新发心房颤动(1452) 统计值 P
年龄(岁,x¯±s 74.7±9.3 71.8±10.8 t=-10.249 <0.001 74.3±9.4 74.2±9.8 t=-0.369 0.712
男性[例(%)] 1061(58.3) 2332(62.8) χ 2=10.478 0.001 869(59.8) 861(59.3) χ 2=0.092 0.791
ST段抬高型心肌梗死[例(%)] 572(31.4) 1121(30.2) χ 2=0.881 0.364 470(32.4) 449(30.9) χ 2=0.702 0.425
既往卒中史[例(%)] 909(50.0) 1008(27.2) χ 2=280.421 <0.001 666(45.9) 670(46.1) χ 2=0.022 0.911
出血病史[例(%)] 319(17.5) 351(9.5) χ 2=74.821 <0.001 227(15.6) 231(15.9) χ 2=0.041 0.879
糖尿病病史[例(%)] 793(43.6) 1111(29.9) χ 2=100.853 <0.001 605(41.7) 610(42.0) χ 2=0.035 0.880
高血压病史[例(%)] 1649(90.7) 2079(56.0) χ 2=666.442 <0.001 1282(88.3) 1316(90.6) χ 2=4.223 0.046
心脏瓣膜病病史[例(%)] 157(8.6) 67(1.8) χ 2=146.327 <0.001 113(7.8) 39(2.7) χ 2=38.016 <0.001
肾功能不全病史[例(%)] 461(25.3) 389(10.5) χ 2=207.250 <0.001 299(20.6) 287(19.8) χ 2=0.308 0.611
恶性肿瘤病史[例(%)] 125(6.9) 136(3.7) χ 2=27.920 <0.001 89(6.1) 98(6.7) χ 2=0.463 0.545
慢性阻塞性肺病病史[例(%)] 701(38.5) 755(20.3) χ 2=208.287 <0.001 486(33.5) 486(33.5) χ 2=0.000 1.000
结缔组织病病史[例(%)] 69(3.8) 77(2.1) χ 2=14.023 <0.001 51(3.5) 51(3.5) χ 2=0.000 1.000
心力衰竭病史[例(%)] 775(42.6) 437(11.8) χ 2=677.971 <0.001 442(30.4) 394(27.1) χ 2=3.870 0.054
血脂紊乱病史[例(%)] 759(41.7) 2411(65.0) χ 2=269.559 <0.001 655(45.1) 635(43.7) χ 2=0.558 0.478
血运重建[例(%)] 634(34.9) 1120(30.2) χ 2=12.312 0.001 505(34.8) 505(34.8) χ 2=0.000 1.000
双联抗血小板治疗[例(%)] 1037(57.0) 2511(67.7) χ 2=60.258 <0.001 871(60.0) 859(59.2) χ 2=0.206 0.677
口服抗凝药[例(%)] 1479(81.3) 3350(90.3) χ 2=88.604 <0.001 1235(85.1) 1238(85.3) χ 2=0.025 0.917
伊伐布雷定[例(%)] 32(1.8) 100(2.7) χ 2=4.585 0.041 27(1.9) 43(3.0) χ 2=3.747 0.070
β受体阻滞剂[例(%)] 1138(62.6) 2269(61.1) χ 2=1.040 0.322 889(61.2) 878(60.5) χ 2=0.175 0.704
血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂[例(%)] 254(14.0) 665(17.9) χ 2=13.786 <0.001 211(14.5) 212(14.6) χ 2=0.003 1.000
血管紧张素Ⅱ受体拮抗剂[例(%)] 779(42.8) 1417(38.2) χ 2=10.986 0.001 609(41.9) 614(42.3) χ 2=0.035 0.881
钙离子通道阻滞剂[例(%)] 487(26.8) 755(20.3) χ 2=28.962 <0.001 371(25.6) 366(25.2) χ 2=0.045 0.865
他汀类药物[例(%)] 768(42.2) 1775(47.8) χ 2=15.465 <0.001 626(43.1) 675(46.5) χ 2=3.343 0.073
CHA2DS2-VASc评分(分,x¯±s 5.6±1.8 4.1±1.9 t=-28.294 <0.001 5.3±1.8 5.3±1.8 t=-0.095 0.924
HAS-BLED评分(分,x¯±s 2.7±0.9 2.5±1.0 t=-28.577 <0.001 2.7±0.9 2.7±0.9 t=-0.078 0.056
表3 倾向性评分匹配前卒中结局的单因素及多因素Cox 回归分析
变量 单因素Cox回归 多因素Cox回归
风险比 95%置信区间 P 风险比 95%置信区间 P
心房颤动病史 1.50 1.30~1.60 <0.001 1.10 0.98~1.23 0.103
ST段抬高型心肌梗死 1.00 0.94~1.20 0.390 1.02 0.91~1.14 0.724
既往卒中史 2.90 2.60~3.20 <0.001 2.54 2.27~2.85 <0.001
出血病史 1.30 1.20~1.50 <0.001 1.01 0.88~1.17 0.868
糖尿病病史 1.50 1.40~1.70 <0.001 1.16 1.04~1.29 0.009
高血压病史 1.90 1.70~2.20 <0.001 1.12 0.97~1.29 0.121
心脏瓣膜病病史 1.10 0.87~1.40 0.360
肾功能不全病史 1.50 1.30~1.70 <0.001 1.02 0.88~1.17 0.815
恶性肿瘤病史 1.30 1.00~1.60 0.037 1.07 0.85~1.33 0.565
慢性阻塞性肺病病史 1.30 1.20~1.50 <0.001 0.95 0.85~1.07 0.404
结缔组织病病史 1.30 0.97~1.70 0.082
心力衰竭病史 1.40 1.20~1.50 <0.001 0.97 0.86~1.1 0.667
血脂紊乱病史 1.60 1.50~1.80 <0.001 1.02 0.91~1.15 0.738
血运重建 1.20 1.00~1.30 0.006 1.06 0.96~1.19 0.256
双联抗血小板治疗 0.82 0.74~0.91 <0.001 0.92 0.82~1.02 0.106
口服抗凝药 0.85 0.73~1.00 0.053 0.77 0.65~0.91 0.002
伊伐布雷定 0.78 0.54~1.10 0.180
β受体阻滞剂 0.93 0.84~1.00 0.130 1.01 0.91~1.12 0.862
血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂 1.00 0.90~1.20 0.790 1.16 1.02~1.33 0.028
血管紧张素Ⅱ受体拮抗剂 1.10 0.98~1.20 0.120 1.05 0.94~1.17 0.367
钙离子通道阻滞剂 1.40 1.30~1.60 <0.001 1.21 1.08~1.35 <0.001
他汀类药物 0.87 0.79~0.96 0.007 0.94 0.85~1.04 0.221
CHA2DS2-VASc评分 1.30 1.20~1.30 <0.001
图1 Kaplan-Meier 曲线显示既往及新发心房颤动患者卒中的累积发病率
图2 Kaplan-Meier 曲线显示既往及新发心房颤动患者缺血性卒中的累积发病率
图3 Kaplan-Meier 曲线显示既往及新发心房颤动患者出血性卒中的累积发病率
图4 Kaplan-Meier 曲线显示既往及新发心房颤动患者全因死亡的累积发病率
图5 Kaplan-Meier 曲线显示既往及新发心房颤动患者心血管死亡的累积发病率
图6 Kaplan-Meier 曲线显示既往及新发心房颤动患者所有原因出血的累积发病率
图7 Kaplan-Meier 曲线显示既往及新发心房颤动患者大出血的累积发病率
图8 卒中的亚组分析 注:CCB 为钙离子通道阻滞剂,COPD 为慢性阻塞性肺病,DAPT 为双联抗血小板治疗,SAPT 为单药抗血小板治疗,ACEI 为血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂,ARB 为血管紧张素受体阻滞剂,STEMI 为ST 段抬高型心肌梗死,NSTEMI 为非ST 段抬高型心肌梗死
图9 缺血性卒中的亚组分析 注:CCB 为钙离子通道阻滞剂,COPD 为慢性阻塞性肺病,DAPT 为双联抗血小板治疗,SAPT 为单药抗血小板治疗,ACEI 为血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂,ARB 为血管紧张素受体阻滞剂,STEMI 为ST 段抬高型心肌梗死,NSTEMI 为非ST 段抬高型心肌梗死
图10 出血性卒中的亚组分析 注:CCB 为钙离子通道阻滞剂,COPD 为慢性阻塞性肺病,DAPT 为双联抗血小板治疗,SAPT 为单药抗血小板治疗,ACEI 为血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂,ARB 为血管紧张素受体阻滞剂,STEMI 为ST 段抬高型心肌梗死,NSTEMI 为非ST 段抬高型心肌梗死
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