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中华脑血管病杂志(电子版) ›› 2026, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (05) : 533 -541. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1673-9248.2026.05.008

临床研究

入院至静脉溶栓时间≤60 min对急性缺血性脑卒中预后的影响
李洋1,2, 王宝军1,2, 张天佑1,2,†()   
  1. 1 014040 内蒙古包头,包头市中心医院神经内科
    2 014040 内蒙古包头,包头市中心医院内蒙古自治区脑血管病研究所
  • 收稿日期:2026-07-16 出版日期:2026-10-01
  • 通信作者: 张天佑
  • 基金资助:
    包头市卫生健康科技计划项目(wsjkkj2022030)

Impact of door-to-needle time ≤60 min on the prognosis of acute ischemic stroke

Yang Li1,2, Baojun Wang1,2, Tianyou Zhang1,2,†()   

  1. 1 Department of Neurology of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Baotou 014040, China
    2 Institute of Cerebrovascular Diseases of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Baotou 014040, China
  • Received:2026-07-16 Published:2026-10-01
  • Corresponding author: Tianyou Zhang
引用本文:

李洋, 王宝军, 张天佑. 入院至静脉溶栓时间≤60 min对急性缺血性脑卒中预后的影响[J/OL]. 中华脑血管病杂志(电子版), 2026, 20(05): 533-541.

Yang Li, Baojun Wang, Tianyou Zhang. Impact of door-to-needle time ≤60 min on the prognosis of acute ischemic stroke[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Cerebrovascular Diseases(Electronic Edition), 2026, 20(05): 533-541.

目的

探讨以入院至静脉溶栓时间(DNT)60 min为质控节点对接受阿替普酶或尿激酶静脉溶栓的急性缺血性脑卒中(AIS)患者溶栓后90 d预后及住院时长(LOS)的影响。

方法

前瞻性纳入2020年1月至2023年1月包头市中心医院收治的接受阿替普酶或尿激酶静脉溶栓的AIS患者。依据DNT分为达标组(DNT≤60 min)与延迟组(DNT>60 min);再按照溶栓药物分为阿替普酶亚组和尿激酶亚组。根据溶栓后90 d改良Rankin量表(mRS)评分将患者分为预后良好组(mRS评分<3分)与预后不良组(mRS评分≥3分)。采用χ2检验或Fisher精确概率法比较各组患者出血转化率、住院期间全因病死率、溶栓后90 d预后不良率的差异;对于阿替普酶亚组患者,采用多因素Logistic回归分析筛选溶栓后90 d预后不良的独立影响因素;采用多元线性回归分析DNT与LOS的关联。

结果

在整体队列中,达标组患者92例,延迟组患者219例。在阿替普酶亚组中,达标组患者58例,延迟组患者163例;在尿激酶亚组中,达标组患者34例,延迟组患者56例。在整体队列中,达标组和延迟组患者的出血转化率分别为3.26%(3/92)和6.39%(14/219),住院期间全因病死率分别为2.17%(2/92)和3.20%(7/219),差异均无统计学意义(χ2=1.230,P=0.267;P>0.999);在溶栓后90 d预后分析中,剔除16例失访患者,达标组和延迟组患者溶栓后90 d预后不良率分别为19.54%(17/87)和22.60%(47/208),差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.337,P=0.561)。在阿替普酶亚组中,达标组和延迟组患者溶栓后90 d预后不良率分别为11.11%(6/54)和23.87%(37/155),差异有统计学意义(χ2=3.990,P=0.046);在尿激酶亚组中,2组AIS患者的出血转化率、住院期间全因病死率和溶栓后90 d预后不良率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。在校正基线NIHSS评分、心房颤动、性别、年龄、吸烟史、出血转化等混杂因素后,阿替普酶亚组的多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示:以DNT 60  min为节点划分的分组变量并非溶栓后90 d预后不良的独立保护因素(OR=1.223,95%CI:0.378~3.955,P=0.737);将DNT作为连续变量显示,随着DNT时长增加,DNT每延长1  min,溶栓后90 d预后不良风险升高1.2%(OR=1.012,95%CI:1.000~1.023,P=0.049)。多元线性回归分析结果提示:DNT与LOS呈独立正相关(β=0.428,P<0.001)。

结论

在整体AIS静脉溶栓人群中,以DNT≤60  min作为质控节点,未观察到改善AIS患者静脉溶栓后90 d预后;但在阿替普酶溶栓人群中,DNT作为连续变量与预后不良存在时间依赖性关联。

Objective

To investigate the impact of setting door-to-needle time (DNT) 60 min as a quality-control benchmark on 90-day post-thrombolytic therapy prognosis and length of hospital stay (LOS) in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) treated with intravenous thrombolysis using alteplase or urokinase.

Methods

This study prospectively enrolled AIS patients receiving intravenous thrombolysis with alteplase or urokinase at Baotou Central Hospital from January 2020 to January 2023. The patients were divided into the target group (DNT ≤60 min) and the delay group (DNT >60 min) according to DNT. They were further stratified into the alteplase subgroup and the urokinase subgroup. The patients were classified into the favorable-prognosis group [modified Rankin scale (mRS) score <3] and the poor-prognosis group (mRS score ≥3) based on the 90-day post-thrombolysis mRS score. The χ2 test or Fisher's exact test was used to compare the hemorrhagic transformation rate, in-hospital all-cause mortality and 90-day poor-prognosis rate among groups. Multivariable Logistic regression was performed only in the alteplase subgroup to identify independent influencing factors for 90-day poor prognosis. Multivariable linear regression was applied to analyze the association between DNT and LOS.

Results

In the overall cohort, there were 92 patients in the target group and 219 patients in the delay group. Within the alteplase subgroup, there were 58 patients in the target group and 163 patients in the delay group; within the urokinase subgroup, there were 34 patients in the target group and 56 patients in the delay group. In the overall cohort, there were no significant differences between the target group and the delay group in hemorrhagic transformation rate [3.26% (3/92) vs 6.39% (14/219), χ2=1.230, P=0.267] and in-hospital all-cause mortality [2.17% (2/92) vs 3.20% (7/219), P>0.999]. After excluding 16 patients lost to follow-up for 90-day outcome assessment, the 90-day poor-prognosis rate was 19.54% (17/87) in the target group and 22.60% (47/208) in the delay group without significant difference (χ2=0.337, P=0.561). Within the alteplase subgroup, the 90-day poor-prognosis rate of the target group was 11.11% (6/54), which was significantly lower than 23.87% (37/155) of the delay group (χ2=3.990, P=0.046). No significant inter-group differences in hemorrhagic transformation rate, in-hospital all-cause mortality and 90-day poor-prognosis rate were found in the urokinase subgroup (all P>0.05). After adjusting for confounders including baseline NIHSS score, atrial fibrillation, gender, age, smoking history and hemorrhagic transformation in the alteplase subgroup, stratification by the DNT cutoff of 60 min was not an independent protective factor against 90-day poor prognosis (OR=1.223, 95%CI: 0.378–3.955, P=0.737). However, when DNT was analyzed as a continuous variable, the odds of 90-day poor prognosis increased with longer DNT; each additional 1-minute delay in DNT was associated with a 1.2% increment in the odds of poor prognosis (OR=1.012, 95%CI: 1.000–1.023, P=0.049). Multivariable linear regression showed an independent positive correlation between DNT and LOS (β=0.428, P<0.001).

Conclusion

Among the overall AIS patients undergoing intravenous thrombolysis, using DNT ≤60 min as the quality-control benchmark, no improvement in the prognosis was observed in AIS patients at 90-day post intravenous thrombolysis. Among patients treated with alteplase, DNT as a continuous variable showed a time-dependent association with poor prognosis.

表1 2组急性缺血性脑卒中患者基线资料比较
表2 2组急性缺血性脑卒中患者安全性和预后比较[例(%)]
表3 不同溶栓药物下2组急性缺血性脑卒中患者安全性和预后比较[例(%)]
表4 2组不同预后急性缺血性脑卒中患者一般资料比较(阿替普酶亚组)
表5 影响急性缺血性脑卒中患者阿替普酶静脉溶栓预后不良的多因素Logistic回归分析结果
图1 急性缺血性脑卒中患者阿替普酶静脉溶栓预后不良风险预测列线图 注:DNT为入院至静脉溶栓时间;NIHSS为美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表
表6 急性缺血性脑卒中患者静脉溶栓后住院时长影响因素的多元线性回归分析
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