The six major imaging markers of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) include recent subcortical small infarct, lacune of presumed vascular origin, white matter hyperintensity of presumed vascular origin, perivascular space, cerebral microbleed, and brain atrophy. CSVD can lead to stroke, cognitive decline, movement disorder, mood disturbance, and paruria. It has gradually drawn more attention to the dynamic evolution and mutual influence among these imaging markers, as well as their synergistic effect on clinical symptoms. We review the epidemiology, neuroimaging features and clinical manifestations of these six markers of CSVD and their mutual association, and outline the prospect of future study.