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中华脑血管病杂志(电子版) ›› 2026, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (02) : 157 -163. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1673-9248.2026.02.007

临床研究

24 h血压昼夜节律与小动脉硬化性脑小血管病患者影像学标志物的相关性
王丽娟, 刘荧, 崔明愚, 李皓, 于晓岚, 刘欣()   
  1. 100190 北京市中关村医院神经内科
  • 收稿日期:2025-11-08 出版日期:2026-04-01
  • 通信作者: 刘欣
  • 基金资助:
    首都卫生发展科研专项基金(2022-3-7041)

Relationship between 24-hour blood pressure circadian rhythm and imaging markers in patients with arteriolosclerotic cerebral small vessel disease

Lijuan Wang, Ying Liu, Mingyu Cui, Hao Li, Xiaolan Yu, Xin Liu()   

  1. Department of Neurology, Beijing Zhongguancun Hospital, Beijing 100190, China
  • Received:2025-11-08 Published:2026-04-01
  • Corresponding author: Xin Liu
引用本文:

王丽娟, 刘荧, 崔明愚, 李皓, 于晓岚, 刘欣. 24 h血压昼夜节律与小动脉硬化性脑小血管病患者影像学标志物的相关性[J/OL]. 中华脑血管病杂志(电子版), 2026, 20(02): 157-163.

Lijuan Wang, Ying Liu, Mingyu Cui, Hao Li, Xiaolan Yu, Xin Liu. Relationship between 24-hour blood pressure circadian rhythm and imaging markers in patients with arteriolosclerotic cerebral small vessel disease[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Cerebrovascular Diseases(Electronic Edition), 2026, 20(02): 157-163.

目的

探讨24 h血压昼夜节律与小动脉硬化性脑小血管病患者影像学标志物的关系。

方法

回顾性纳入2018年1月1日至2024年12月31日在北京市中关村医院神经内科住院且完成24 h动态血压监测的小动脉硬化性脑小血管病患者352例为研究对象,记录患者的一般临床资料和脑小血管病影像学特征。根据24 h动态血压昼夜节律分为杓型组34例、非杓型组147例和反杓型组171例。采用方差分析、Kruskal-Wallis H检验和χ2检验比较3组患者一般资料和脑小血管病影像学特征的差异,通过Logistic回归分析24 h血压昼夜节律对脑小血管病影像学标志物的影响。

结果

反杓型组患者的年龄[(76.88±12.03)岁 vs(70.24±13.40)、(72.19±12.44)岁]、高血压3级比例(67.3% vs 41.2%、46.9%)均明显高于杓型与非杓型组患者,差异均有统计学意义(t=-2.885、-3.412,P=0.013、0.002;χ2=8.266、13.377,P=0.004、0.001);反杓型组患者的高血压病史时间[10(5,20)年 vs 10(1,20)年]、β受体阻滞剂使用率(23.5% vs 10.9%)均明显高于非杓型组患者,差异均有统计学意义(Z=-2.562,P=0.010;χ2=8.666,P=0.003)。反杓型组患者的脑白质高信号(脑室旁、深部白质)、基底节区血管周围间隙的严重程度均明显高于杓型组与非杓型组患者,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。反杓型组患者的脑微出血发生比例明显高于杓型组患者,差异有统计学意义(25.1% vs 8.8%,χ2=4.432,P=0.037)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示:反杓型血压(OR深部白质=2.36,95%CI:1.13~4.95,P=0.023;OR脑室旁=3.97,95%CI:1.90~8.30,P=0.001;OR基底节血管周围间隙=2.12,95%CI:1.02~4.37,P=0.042)是脑白质高信号(深部白质、脑室旁)、基底节区血管周围间隙的独立影响因素。

结论

24 h血压昼夜节律与小动脉硬化性脑小血管病影像学标志物密切相关,非正常的血压昼夜节律增加了脑白质高信号、基底节区血管周围间隙的发生风险。

Objective

To explore the relationship between 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure circadian rhythm and imaging markers in patients with arteriolosclerosis cerebral small vessel disease (aCSVD).

Methods

A total of 352 patients with aCSVD who underwent 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring during their hospitalization in the Department of Neurology at Beijing Zhongguancun Hospital from January 1, 2018, to December 31, 2024 were retrospectively included. General clinical data and imaging characteristics of aCSVD were recorded. According to the circadian rhythm of 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure, patients were categorized into three groups: dipper group (n=34), non-dipper group (n=147), and reverse-dipper group (n=171). Analysis of variance, Kruskal-Wallis H test and χ2 test were used to compare the differences in general data and imaging features of cerebral small vessel disease among the three groups of patients. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to explore the influence of 24-hour blood pressure circadian rhythm on imaging markers of CSVD.

Results

The age of patients [(76.88±12.03) years vs (70.24±13.40), (72.19±12.44) years, t=-2.885, -3.412; P=0.013, 0.002] and the proportion of grade 3 hypertension (67.3% vs 41.2%, 46.9%, χ2=8.266, 13.377; P=0.004, 0.001) in the reverse-dipper group were significantly higher than those in the dipper and non-dipper groups. The duration of hypertension history [10 (5, 20) years vs 10 (1, 20) years, Z=-2.562, P=0.010] and the use of β-blockers (23.5% vs 10.9%, χ2=8.666, P=0.003) in the reverse-dipper group were significantly greater compared to those in the non-dipper group. The severity of white matter hyperintensities (periventricular and deep white matter) and perivascular spaces in the basal ganglia in the reverse-dipper group was significantly greater than those in the dipper and non-dipper groups (all P<0.05). The proportion of cerebral microbleeds (25.1% vs 8.8%) in the reverse-dipper group was significantly higher than that in the dipper group (χ2=4.432, P=0.037). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that reverse-dipper blood pressure (ORDWMH=2.36, 95%CI: 1.13-4.95, P=0.023; ORPVWH=3.97, 95%CI: 1.90-8.30, P=0.001; ORBG-PVS=2.12, 95%CI: 1.02-4.37, P=0.042) were independent risk factors for deep white matter hyperintensities, periventricular white matter hyperintensities, and perivascular spaces in the basal ganglia.

Conclusion

24-hour blood pressure circadian rhythms are associated with imaging markers of aCSVD, and reverse-dipper patterns may significantly increase the risk of white matter hyperintensities and basal ganglia perivascular spaces.

表1 3组小动脉硬化性脑小血管病患者一般资料比较
变量 杓型组(n=34) 非杓型组(n=147) 反杓型组(n=171) 统计值 P
年龄(岁,
±s
70.24±13.40 72.19±12.44 76.88±12.03ab F=7.735 0.001
男例[例(%)] 21(61.8) 83(56.5) 99(57.9) χ2=0.325 0.850
高血压[例(%)] 29(85.3) 121(82.3) 149(87.1) χ2=1.440 0.487
糖尿病[例(%)] 17(50.0) 64(43.5) 75(43.9) χ2=0.496 0.780
冠心病[例(%)] 7(20.6) 35(23.8) 57(33.3) χ2=4.604 0.100
吸烟史[例(%)] 10(29.4) 42(28.6) 46(26.9) χ2=0.156 0.925
饮酒史[例(%)] 9(26.5) 26(17.7) 31(18.1) χ2=1.483 0.476
高血压病史时间[年,MQ1Q3)] 10(1,11) 10(1,20) 10(5,20)b H=7.810 0.020
高血压分级[例(%)] χ2=18.593 0.005
正常 5(14.7) 22(15.0) 20(11.7)
1级 6(17.6) 17(11.6) 12(7.0)
2级 9(26.5) 39(26.5) 24(14.0)
3级 14(41.2) 69(46.9) 115(67.3)ab
降压药物应用[例(%)]
CCB 16(47.1) 87(59.2) 103(60.6) χ2=2.165 0.339
ACEI 0(0) 5(3.4) 6(3.5) χ2=1.222 0.543
β受体阻滞剂 4(11.8) 16(10.9) 40(23.5)b χ2=9.649 0.008
ARB 16(47.1) 50(34) 59(34.7) χ2=2.168 0.338
利尿剂 6(17.6) 27(18.4) 49(28.8) χ2=5.501 0.064
LDL-C(mmol/L,
±s
2.18±0.79 2.38±0.86 2.18±0.77 F=2.589 0.077
HDL-C[mmol/L,MQ1Q3)] 1.06(0.78,1.12) 1.04(0.89,1.24) 0.96(0.82,1.14) H=4.280 0.118
TC(mmol/L,
±s
3.68±1.01 3.97±1.15 3.78±1.08 F=1.587 0.206
TG[mmol/L,MQ1Q3)] 0.99(0.83,1.39) 1.16(0.87,1.57) 1.22(0.95,1.61) H=3.773 0.152
血糖[mmol/L,MQ1Q3)] 5.66(5.16,6.53) 5.58(4.85,7.00) 5.66(4.86,6.91) H=0.312 0.856
血红蛋白(g/L,
±s
130.12±18.50 129.45±17.74 124.10±19.05b F=3.770 0.024
肌酐[μmol/L,MQ1Q3)] 71(62,84) 68(57,84) 69(58,88) H=0.722 0.697
eGFR[mL/(min·1.73 m2),
±s]
94.52±28.90 93.37±24.62 92.87±31.22 F=0.050 0.951
表2 3组小动脉硬化性脑小血管病患者影像学标志物比较[例(%)]
表3 24 h血压昼夜节律与脑小血管病影像学标志物的多因素Logistic回归分析结果
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