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中华脑血管病杂志(电子版) ›› 2026, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (03) : 250 -257. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1673-9248.2026.03.003

论著

脑小血管病患者口腔衰弱与身体成分及神经影像学标志物的相关性
魏微, 谢鸿阳, 夏翠俏, 夏振西, 张楠, 曹俊杰, 赵弘轶, 黄勇华()   
  1. 100700 北京,中国人民解放军总医院第七医学中心神经内科
  • 收稿日期:2025-12-31 出版日期:2026-06-01
  • 通信作者: 黄勇华
  • 基金资助:
    四大慢病重大专项课题(2023ZD0505806); 吴阶平医学基金会临床科研专项资助基金项目(320.6750.18456,320.6750.2023-3-37)

Relationship between oral frailty and body composition or neuroimaging biomarkers in patients with cerebral small vessel disease

Wei Wei, Hongyang Xie, Cuiqiao Xia, Zhenxi Xia, Nan Zhang, Junjie Cao, Hongyi Zhao, Yonghua Huang()   

  1. Department of Neurology, the Seventh Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100700, China
  • Received:2025-12-31 Published:2026-06-01
  • Corresponding author: Yonghua Huang
引用本文:

魏微, 谢鸿阳, 夏翠俏, 夏振西, 张楠, 曹俊杰, 赵弘轶, 黄勇华. 脑小血管病患者口腔衰弱与身体成分及神经影像学标志物的相关性[J/OL]. 中华脑血管病杂志(电子版), 2026, 20(03): 250-257.

Wei Wei, Hongyang Xie, Cuiqiao Xia, Zhenxi Xia, Nan Zhang, Junjie Cao, Hongyi Zhao, Yonghua Huang. Relationship between oral frailty and body composition or neuroimaging biomarkers in patients with cerebral small vessel disease[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Cerebrovascular Diseases(Electronic Edition), 2026, 20(03): 250-257.

目的

探讨脑小血管病(CSVD)患者口腔衰弱(OF)与身体成分、神经影像学标志物之间的关系。

方法

纳入2022年1月至2023年6月中国人民解放军总医院第七医学中心神经内科住院的CSVD患者为研究对象。通过口腔衰弱性指数-8量表(OFI-8)评估所有患者的OF情况,并根据OFI-8得分分为低风险组(≤3分)和高风险组(≥4分)。收集所有患者的体脂百分比(BF)、骨骼肌质量指数(ASMI)、基础代谢率(BMR)、认知功能评估情况,以及CSVD神经影像学标志物[包括白质高信号(WMH)、腔隙、脑微出血(CMBs)、CSVD综合评分]。服从正态分布的计量资料组间比较采用t检验,不服从正态分布的计量资料组间比较采用Mann-Whitney U检验;计数资料组间比较采用χ2检验。采用二元Logistic回归分析筛选OF的独立危险因素。

结果

本研究共纳入95例患者,其中,男性48例(低风险组31例、高风险组17例),女性47例(低风险组33例、高风险组14例)。对于男性CSVD患者而言,高风险组患者的ASMI明显减低(OR=0.058,P=0.002),BF明显升高(OR=1.331,P=0.002);在调整混杂因素后,ASMI(OR=0.038,P=0.003)和BF(OR=1.359,P=0.005)仍然均与OF的发生风险独立相关。对于女性CSVD患者而言,高风险组患者的BF明显升高(OR=1.274,P=0.023),在调整混杂因素后,BF仍是OF发生的独立危险因素(OR=1.308,P=0.028)。高风险组有更高的CSVD综合评分(OR=6.532,P=0.004),在调整混杂因素后,CSVD综合评分仍是OF发生的独立危险因素(OR=5.898,P=0.008)。

结论

在CSVD患者中,身体成分与OF存在显著关联,且这种关联存在性别差异;另外,高CSVD综合评分是OF的重要危险因素。

Objective

To investigate the relationship between oral frailty (OF) in patients with cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) and body composition, as well as neuroimaging biomarkers.

Methods

The study included patients with CSVD hospitalized in the Department of Neurology at the Seventh Medical Center of the Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital from January 2022 to June 2023. OF was assessed by the oral frailty index-8 (OFI-8), with patients stratified into a low-risk group (score ≤3) and a high-risk group (score ≥4). Data collected encompassed body fat percentage (BF), appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMI), and basal metabolic rate (BMR). Cognitive function was also evaluated, alongside neuroimaging markers of CSVD, including white matter hyperintensities (WMH), lacunes, cerebral microbleeds (CMBs), and CSVD composite score. Variables conforming to a normal distribution were compared using the Student's t-test, while those not following a normal distribution were analyzed with the Mann-Whitney U test. Categorical data were compared using the Chi-square test. Binary Logistic regression was employed to identify independent risk factors associated with OF.

Results

This study enrolled a total of 95 patients, comprising 48 males (31 in the low-risk group and 17 in the high-risk group) and 47 females (33 in the low-risk group and 14 in the high-risk group). Among male CSVD patients, individuals in the high-risk group exhibited a significant reduction in ASMI (OR=0.058, P=0.002) and a marked increase in BF (OR=1.331, P=0.002). Even after adjusting for confounding factors, both ASMI and BF remained independently associated with oral frailty (ASMI: OR=0.038, P=0.003; BF: OR=1.359, P=0.005). Gender differences were observed, with female CSVD patients showing a significant increase in BF exclusively within the high-risk group (OR=1.274, P=0.023). After adjusting for confounding variables, BF remained an independent risk factor for oral frailty (OR=1.308, P=0.028). Moreover, the high-risk group exhibited a significantly higher CSVD composite score (OR=6.532, P=0.004). After adjusting for potential confounders, the CSVD composite score remained an independent predictor of oral frailty risk (OR=5.898, P=0.008).

Conclusion

Among patients with CSVD, body composition is significantly associated with oral frailty, with this relationship exhibiting notable gender differences. Additionally, the overall burden of CSVD plays a crucial role in the onset and progression of oral frailty, with a higher CSVD composite score serving as a key risk factor for its development.

表1 口腔衰弱的评估(口腔衰弱性指数-8量表)
表2 不同性别2组脑小血管病患者人口学和临床资料比较
项目 男性(n=48) 女性(n=47)
低风险组(n=31) 高风险组(n=17) 统计值 P 低风险组(n=33) 高风险组(n=14) 统计值 P
教育程度[年,MQ1Q3)] 12.00(9.00,12.00) 12.00(9.00,12.00) U=-0.384 0.701 12.00(9.00,12.00) 12.00(11.25,12.00) U=-0.788 0.431
年龄(岁,
±s
62.73±6.21 65.92±9.08 t=-1.460 0.151 68.46±9.01 65.21±9.43 t=1.112 0.272
MMSE评分[分,MQ1Q3)] 29.00(27.00,30.00) 28.00(27.00,30.00) U=-0.803 0.422 28.00(27.50,29.00) 28.00(27.00,29.25) U=-0.072 0.943
共病数量[种,MQ1Q3)] 2.00(1.00,2.00) 2.00(1.00,2.50) U=-0.103 0.918 2.00(2.00,2.50) 2.00(1.75,3.00) U=-0.051 0.959
VFT(个,
±s
17.57±4.21 16.44±3.76 t=1.001 0.322 16.41±3.98 17.07±4.21 t=-0.499 0.620
CDT[分,MQ1Q3)] 12.00(11.00,13.00) 11.00(10.00,12.00) U=-1.985 0.047 12.00(11.00,13.00) 12.00(10.75,12.25) U=-0.096 0.924
TMT-B(s,
±s
72.14±20.27 86.83±19.89 t=-2.400 0.021 75.43±21.77 89.92±18.41 t=-2.172 0.035
ASMI(kg/m2
±s
7.91±0.56 7.48±0.62 t=2.648 0.011 6.21±0.66 5.69±0.63 t=2.458 0.018
BF(%,
±s
25.62±7.57 33.31±6.94 t=-3.488 0.001 32.51±6.68 38.61±4.13 t=-3.160 0.003
蛋白质(g,
±s
10.71±0.87 10.22±0.99 t=1.731 0.090 8.02±0.81 7.29±0.92 t=2.745 0.009
BMR(kcal/d,
±s
1549.43±97.51 1495.24±109.28 t=1.765 0.084 1258.47±100.13 1160.54±80.16 t=3.241 0.002
表3 男性脑小血管病患者口腔衰弱与身体成分的二元Logistic回归分析结果
表4 女性脑小血管病患者口腔衰弱与身体成分的二元Logistic回归分析结果
表5 2组CSVD患者神经影像标志物参数比较[例(%)]
表6 口腔衰弱与神经影像学标志物的二元Logistic回归分析结果
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